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Biochemistry > Nucleic Acids > Flashcards

Nucleic Acids Flashcards

1
Q

Nucleic Acids are polymers in which a repeating unit is

A

Nucleotides

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2
Q

True or False:

Nucleotides and nucleic acids are biological molecules that possess heterocyclic nitrogenous bases as principal components of their structure.

A

True

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3
Q

Nucleotides are important in?

A
  • Elements of heredity and transfer of characteristics from parents to offspring.
  • Energy metabolism such as Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), CTP, and GTP.
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4
Q

Consider the following;

DNA

Statement 1: Deoxyribonucleic Acid: Found within the cell nucleus
Statement 2: Storage and transfer of genetic information
Statement 3: Passed from one cell to another during cell division

A. One of the statements are true
B. Two of the statements are true
C. Three of the statements are true
D. None of the statements are true

A

C. Three of the statements are true

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5
Q

Consider the following:

RNA

Statement 1: Ribonucleic Acid: Occurs in all parts of a cell
Statement 2: The primary function is to synthesize the proteins

A. Statement 1 is correct while statement 2 is incorrect
B. Statement 1 is incorrect while statement 2 is correct
C. Both statements are correct
D. Both statements are incorrect

A

C. Both statements are correct

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6
Q

What are the three components of Nucleotides?

A

◦ Pentose Sugar: Monosaccharide
◦ Phosphate Group (PO43-)
◦ Heterocyclic Base

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7
Q

a —OH group present on carbon 2’ in

A

Ribose

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8
Q

a —H atom in

A

Deoxyribose

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9
Q

True or False

RNA and DNA differ in the identity of the sugar unit in their nucleotides.

A

True

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10
Q

What are the five Nitrogen-Containing Heterocyclic Bases?

A
  1. Adenine (A)
  2. Guanine (G),
  3. Cytosine (C)
  4. Uracil (U)
  5. Thymine (T)
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11
Q

Three pyrimidine derivatives

A
  1. Cytosine (C)
  2. Uracil (U)
  3. Thymine (T)
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12
Q

Two purine derivatives

A
  1. Guanine (G)
  2. Adenine (A)
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13
Q

Found in both DNA and RNA.

A

Adenine (A), guanine (G), and cytosine (C)

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14
Q

Found only in RNA

A

Uracil

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15
Q

Found only in DNA

A

Thymine

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16
Q

The pyrimidine rings;

A
  • Cytosine (2-oxy-4-oxy pyrimidine)
  • Uracil (2-oxy-4-oxy pyrimidine)
  • Thymine (2-oxy-4-oxy-5 methyl pyrimidine)
17
Q

The purine rings;

A
  • Adenine (6-amino purine)
  • Guanine (2-amino-6-oxy purine)
18
Q

Phosphate, the third component of a nucleotide, is derived from

A

Phosphoric acid (H3PO4)

19
Q

Under cellular pH conditions, the phosphoric acid is fully dissociated to give

A

Hydrogen phosphate ion (HPO42-)

20
Q

The formation of a nucleotide from sugar, base, and phosphate is visualized as

A

Phosphate is attached to C5’ and the base is attached to the C-1’ position of pentose

21
Q

Sugar-phosphate groups are referred to as nucleic acid backbone, found in?

A

All nucleic acids

22
Q
  • Sequence of nucleotides in DNA or RNA
  • Primary structure is due to changes in the bases
  • Phosphodiester bond at 3’ and 5’ position
  • The 5’ end has free phosphate and the 3’ end has a free OH group
  • Sequence of bases read from 5’ to 3’
A

Primary Structure

23
Q
  • It involves two polynucleotide chains coiled around each other in a helical fashion
  • The poly nucleotides run anti-parallel (opposite directions) to each other, i.e., 5’ - 3’ and 3’ - 5
A

Secondary Structure

24
Q

The sequence of bases on one polynucleotide is complementary to the other polynucleotide.

A

DNA sequence

25
Q

These are pairs of bases in a nucleic acid structure that can hydrogen bond to each other.

A

Complementary Bases

26
Q

These strands of DNA are in a double helix with base pairing such that each base is located opposite its complementary base.

A

Complementary DNA strands

27
Q

Hydrogen bonding is stronger with

A

A-T and G-C

28
Q

A-T and G-C are called

A

Complementary Bases

29
Q

True or False

Purine always pairs with Pyrimidine.

A

True

30
Q

Predict the sequence;

5’ A–A–T–G–C–A–G–C–T 3’

A

5’ A–A–T–G–C–A–G–C–T 3’

3’ T–T–A–C–G–T–C–G–A 5

31
Q

Predict the sequence;

5’-A-A-G-C-T-A-G-C-T-T-A-C-T-3’

A

5’-A-A-G-C-T-A-G-C-T-T-A-C-T-3’

3’-T-T-C-G-A-T-C-G-A-A-T-G-A-5’

32
Q

MCQ:

  • Delivers amino acids to the sites for protein synthesis
  • The smallest (75–90 nucleotide units)

A. tRNA
B. mRNA
C. rRNA
D. dsRNA

A

A. tRNA

33
Q

MCQ:

A component of ribosomes.

A. tRNA
B. mRNA
C. rRNA
D. dsRNA

A

C. rRNA

34
Q

MCQ:

It carries information from DNA inside the nucleus and takes it to ribosomes for protein synthesis.

A. tRNA
B. mRNA
C. rRNA
D. dsRNA

A

B. mRNA

35
Q

It took advantage of Chargaff’s results and the data obtained by Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins in X-ray diffraction studies on the structure of DNA to conclude that DNA was a complementary double helix.

A

James Watson and Francis Crick

36
Q

Had “x-ray pictures” of DNA

A

Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkens

37
Q

Purines = Pyrimidine

A

Erwin Chargaff

Biochemistry (17 decks)

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