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Biochemistry > Glycolysis: Breakdown of Glucose > Flashcards

Glycolysis: Breakdown of Glucose Flashcards

1
Q

Fill in the blanks:

In GLYCOLYSYS, the metabolic pathway by which “______” is converted to “_______” (a C3 molecule).

A. Two molecules of glucose, Two molecules of lactose
B. One molecule of glucose, Two molecules of pyruvate
C. Two molecules of sucrose, Two molecules of fructose
D. One molecule of glucose, Two molecules of xylose

A

B. One molecule of glucose, Two molecules of pyruvate

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2
Q

What are the TWO OCCURS STAGES of GLYCOLYSIS?

A
  1. Six-carbon (Energy Investment)
  2. Three-carbon (Energy Production)
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3
Q

What is the ENZYME INVOLVED in step 1 in Glycolysis?

A

Hexokinase

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4
Q

What is the MAIN PRODUCT in step 1 in Glycolysis?

A

Glucose 6-phosphate (G6P)

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5
Q

What is the BY PRODUCT in step 1 in Glycolysis?

A

ADP

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6
Q

Is step 1 reversible or irreversible?

A

Irreversible

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7
Q

A phosphate group from ATP is attached to the hydroxyl group on carbon 6 of glucose.

A

Phosphorylation of glucose

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8
Q

What is the ENZYME INVOLVED in step 2 in Glycolysis?

A

Phosphoglucoisomerase

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9
Q

What is the reaction called in step 2 in Glycolysis?

A

Isomerization

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10
Q

What is the MAIN PRODUCT in step 2 in Glycolysis?

A

Fructose 6-phosphate (F6P)

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11
Q

Is step 2 reversible or irreversible?

A

Reversible

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12
Q

What is the ENZYME INVOLVED in step 3 in Glycolysis?

A

Phosphofructokinase

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13
Q

What is the MAIN PRODUCT in step 3 in Glycolysis?

A

Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

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14
Q

What is the reaction called in step 3 in Glycolysis?

A

Phosphorylation

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15
Q

What is the BY PRODUCT in step 3 in Glycolysis?

A

ADP

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16
Q

Is step 3 reversible or irreversible?

A

Irreversible

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17
Q

What is the ENZYME INVOLVED in step 4 in Glycolysis?

A

Aldolase

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18
Q

In what step does break or split into 3-carbon sugar?

A

Step 4

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19
Q

What are the two C3 species formed?

A
  1. Dihydroxyacetone phosphate
  2. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
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20
Q

What is the MAIN PRODUCT in step 3 in Glycolysis?

A

Two triose phosphates

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21
Q

Is step 4 reversible or irreversible?

A

Reversible

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22
Q

Aldose or Ketose?

Dihydroxyacetone phosphate

A

Ketose

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23
Q

Aldose or Ketose?

Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

A

Aldose

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24
Q

What is the ENZYME INVOLVED in step 5 in Glycolysis?

A

Triosephosphate isomerase

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25
Q

What is the reaction called in step 5 in Glycolysis?

A

Isomerization

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26
Q

What is the MAIN PRODUCT in step 5 in Glycolysis?

A

Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

27
Q

Is step 5 reversible or irreversible?

A

Reversible

28
Q

How much ATP is consumed in the step 1-5 of Glycolysis?

A

2 ATP

29
Q

What is the ENZYME INVOLVED in step 6 in Glycolysis?

A

Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase

30
Q

What is the MAIN PRODUCT in step 6 in Glycolysis?

A

1,3-bisphosphoglycerate

31
Q

What is the COENZYME of step 6?

A

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NADH)

32
Q

What are the TWO CARBOXYLATE groups that joined together to form a bisphosphate product?

A
  1. Carboxylate ion
  2. Phosphate
33
Q

What is the reaction called in step 6 in Glycolysis?

A

Oxidative phosphorylation

34
Q

What is the ENERGY-EQUIVALENT MOLECULE in step 6?

A

6 ATP

35
Q

Is step 6 reversible or irreversible?

A

Reversible

36
Q

What is the ENZYME INVOLVED in step 7 in Glycolysis?

A

Phosphoglycerokinase

37
Q

What is the COENZYME INVOLVED in step 7 in Glycolysis?

A

Magnesium Ion

38
Q

Is step 7 reversible or irreversible?

A

Reversible

39
Q

What is the MAIN PRODUCT in step 7 in Glycolysis?

A

3-phosphoglycerate

40
Q

What is the ENZYME INVOLVED in step 8 in Glycolysis?

A

Phosphoglyceromutase

40
Q

How many molecules are produced for each original glucose molecule in step 7?

A

2 ATP molecule

41
Q

What is the reaction called in step 8 in Glycolysis?

A

Isomerization

42
Q

What is the MAIN PRODUCT in step 8 in Glycolysis?

A

2-phosphoglycerate

43
Q

Is step 8 reversible or irreversible?

A

Reversible

44
Q

What is the ENZYME INVOLVED in step 9 in Glycolysis?

A

Enolase

45
Q

What is the MAIN PRODUCT in step 9 in Glycolysis?

A

Phosphoenolpyruvate

46
Q

Results in another HIGH-ENERGY PHOSPHATE group-containing compound.

A

Alcohol dehydration reaction

47
Q

Is step 9 reversible or irreversible?

A

Reversible

48
Q

What is the ENZYME INVOLVED in step 10 in Glycolysis?

A

Pyruvate kinase

49
Q

What is the MAIN PRODUCT in step 10 in Glycolysis?

A

Pyruvate

50
Q

What is the BY PRODUCT in step 10 in Glycolysis?

A

ATP

51
Q

Is step 10 reversible or irreversible?

A

Irreversible

52
Q

How many MOLECULES are produced for each original glucose molecule in step 10?

A

2

53
Q

What are the OVERALL EQUATION for glycolysis.

A

1 glucose + 2NAD+ + 2ADP + 2Pi 🡪 2 pyruvate + 2NADH + 2ATP + (2H+) + 2H2O

54
Q

Fill in the blanks:

Both ______ and _______ are converted in the liver to intermediates that enter the glycolysis pathway.

A. Fructose and Galactose
B. Sucrose and Glucose
C. Fructose and Sucrose
D. Lactose and Glucose

A

A. Fructose and Galactose

55
Q

Entry of fructose into the glycolytic pathway involves phosphorylation by ATP to produce Fructose 1-phosphate converted to?

A

Glyceraldehyde and Dihydroxyacetone phosphate

56
Q

In what step does Regulation of Glycolysis?

A

Steps 1, 3, and 10

57
Q

Fill in the blank:

______ is most commonly metabolized in one of three ways, depending on the type of organism and the presence or absence of O2

A. Glucose
B. Pyruvate
C. Hexokinase
D. Fructokinase

A

B. Pyruvate

58
Q

Under aerobic (oxygen-rich) conditions, pyruvate is oxidized to acetyl CoA by?

A

Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.

59
Q

TRUE OR FALSE;

30 ATP molecules are produced in skeletal muscle and nerve cells

A

True

60
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

32 are from the oxidative phosphorylation associated with the

A

26

61
Q

TRUE OR FALSE;

2 are from the oxidation of glucose to lactate

A

True

62
Q

TRUE OR FALSE;

2 are from the oxidation of glucose to ethanol

A

True

Biochemistry (17 decks)

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