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BIO206 > Nucleic Acids > Flashcards

Nucleic Acids Flashcards

1
Q

Besides storing genetic information, what are some other functions of nucleotides?

A

Carry genetic information
Structural components of tRNA, ribosomes, spliceosomes, etc.
Energy metabolism
Cellular signaling

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2
Q

What are ribosomes?

A

Catalysts for transcribing mRNA into protein

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3
Q

What is DNA a polymer of? RNA?

A

DNA is a polymer of deoxyribonucleotides.
RNA is a polymer of ribonucleotides.

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4
Q

Give the general formula of a nucleotide.

A

phosphate + pentose sugar + nitrogenous base

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5
Q

What are the 2 pentose sugars that can be in a nucleotide?

A

Ribose and deoxyribose.

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6
Q

List the five different nitrogen-containing bases.

A

Adenine (A)
Guanine (G)
Thymine (T) or Uracil (U)
Cytosine (C)

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7
Q

What is the maximum number of phosphates that can be present in a phosphate group?

A

3

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8
Q

What types of bonds hold the phosphates together in the phosphate groups of nucleotides?

A

phosphoanhydride bonds

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9
Q

Provide the general equation for a nucleoside.

A

sugar + base

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10
Q

Differentiate between pyrimidines and purines.

A

Pyrimidines have a single ring, purines have a double ring.

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11
Q

List the pyrimidines.

A

Thymine, Cytosine and Uracil

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12
Q

List the purines.

A

Adenine and Guanine

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13
Q

Which base is this an image of?

A

Adenine (A)

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14
Q

Which base is this an image of?

A

Guanine (G)

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15
Q

Which base is this?

A

Cytosine (C)

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16
Q

Which base is this?

A

Thymine (T)

17
Q

Which base is this?

A

Uracil (U)

18
Q

Draw uracil.

A
19
Q

Draw thymine.

A
20
Q

Draw guanine.

A
21
Q

Draw cytosine.

A
22
Q

Draw adenine.

A
23
Q

What are the differences between ribose and 2-deoxyribose?

A

Ribose has an OH group at 2’ carbon and is the building block of RNA.
2-deoxyribose lacks the OH group at the 2’ carbon and is the building block of DNA.

24
Q

Which sugar is this?

A

Ribose

25
Q

Which sugar is this?

A

Deoxyribose

26
Q

Draw deoxyribose.

A
27
Q

Draw ribose.

A
28
Q

How do we differentiate between the carbons in the nitrogenous base and the carbons in the ribose sugar?

A

Carbons in the nitrogenous base are numbered normally while carbons of the ribose sugar are numbered with a prime

29
Q

How are purines connected to their sugars?

A

Nitrogen 9 is connected to 1’ carbon of the ribose sugar.

30
Q

How are pyrimidines connected to their ribose sugar?

A

Nitrogen 1 is connected to the 1’ carbon of the ribose sugar.

31
Q

Name this nucleoside. Number the carbons.

A

Adenosine

32
Q

Name this nucleoside. Number the carbons.

A
33
Q

What carbon of the ribose sugar attaches to the phosphate group in a nucleotide?

A

5’

BIO206 (32 decks)

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