Nucleic Acid Synthesis and Structure

Question 1

What are the purines

Answer 1

Adenine and Guanine

Question 2

What are the pyrimidines?

Answer 2

Cytosine, Thymine, and Uracil

Question 3

The difference between DNA and RNA is the presence of what functional group?

Answer 3

Hydroxyl (OH) group

Question 4

Linkage between 2 nucleotides?

Answer 4

phosphodiester bond

Question 5

5’ end contains what group?

Answer 5

Phosphate

Question 6

3’ end contains what group?

Answer 6

OH group

Question 7

A - T contains how many H-bonds?

Answer 7

2

Question 8

C - G contains how many H-bonds?

Answer 8

3

Question 9

Which base pairing is more stable?

Answer 9

G:C, more stacks

Question 10

DNA and RNA are held together by what type of bond?

Answer 10

Glycosidic bond

Question 11

Prokaryotes contain what ribosomal subunits?

Answer 11

50S + 30S

Question 12

Prokaryotes contain 3 types of rRNA

Answer 12

23, 16, and 5S

Question 13

Eukaryotes contain what ribosomal RNA subunits?

Answer 13

60S + 40S

Question 14

Eukaryotes contain 4 types of rRNA

Answer 14

28, 18, 5.8, and 5S

Question 15

What portion of the tRNA recognizes the codon on the mRNA

Answer 15

Anticodon loop

Question 16

What base pair has a higher Tm?

Answer 16

G:C

Question 17

What kind of solution will denature DNA, but break down RNA?

Answer 17

Basic solutions

Question 18

Histones are positively charged and contain what 2 AA’s that bind to DNA?

Answer 18

Arginine and lysine

Question 19

Zidovudine (ZDV) stops the action of what enzyme?

Answer 19

Reverse transcriptase

Question 20

5-Fluorouracil is used to stop DNA synthesis, specifically synthesis of what?

Answer 20

Thymine

Question 21

Azithromycin binds to what ribosomal subunit in bacteria?

Answer 21

50S

Question 22

In prokaryotes, DNA replication is initiated where?

Answer 22

oriC

Question 23

What DNA polymerase is used in prokaryotic DNA replication?

Answer 23

Pol III

Question 24

In eukaryotic DNA replication, what polymerase replicates the leading strand?

Answer 24

Pol epsilon (E)

Question 25

In eukaryotic DNA replication, what polymerase replicates the lagging strand?

Answer 25

Pol delta (D)

Question 26

Telomerase add NUCs to what end?

Answer 26

3’

Question 27

Methylation happens to what strand?

Answer 27

template strand

Question 28

Smoking causes damage to what part of the DNA?

Answer 28

Binds guanine, causing it to be bulky

Question 29

Sun exposure causes damage to what portion of the DNA?

Answer 29

Forms thymine dimers

Question 30

“Normal” causes of DNA damage are due to what type of reaction?

Answer 30

Deamination reaction

Question 31

In base excision repair, what enzyme removes the damaged base?

Answer 31

Glycosylase

Question 32

In BER what enzyme removes the deoxyribose?

Answer 32

exonuclease

Question 33

A thymine dimer would be fixed using what type of DNA repair mechanism?

Answer 33

Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER)

Question 34

What enzyme cleaves the distorted region in NER?

Answer 34

Endonuclease

Question 35

In mismatched repair, what determines which strand is repaired?

Answer 35

Methylation

Question 36

In mismatch repair, what strand is repaired?

Answer 36

Template strand

Question 37

What type of recombination is common in cancer cells?

Answer 37

Translocation

Question 38

Cytosine is converted to Uracil via what type of reaction?

Answer 38

Deamination

Question 39

Cytosine can be converted to what, via deamination?

Answer 39

Uracil

Question 40

What type of DNA repair mechanism would be used to fix a bulky guanine residue?

Answer 40

NER

Question 41

What is the function of primase?

Answer 41

Add a 3’ OH primer