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Block 1 ellen > nucleic acid and genetic info L4 > Flashcards

nucleic acid and genetic info L4 Flashcards

1
Q

DNA —->mRNA=

A

transcription

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2
Q

mRNA—> protein=

A

translation

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3
Q

sugar of DNA

A

deoxyribose

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4
Q

bases of DNA

A

adenine- thymine

cytosine- guanine

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5
Q

RNA sugar

A

ribose

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6
Q

RNA bases

A

adenine- uracil

cytosine- guanine

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7
Q

nucleotides are made up off

A

pentose sugar
phosphate group
nitrogenous base

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8
Q

purine bases=

A

adenine, guanine

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9
Q

pyrimidine bases =

A

cytosine, thymine, uracil

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10
Q

other role of nucleotides

A

ATP carrier
signalling cAMP
enzyme cofactor

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11
Q

what is the directionality of DNA

A

5-3

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12
Q

what are the phosphate group and sugar group in adjacent nucleotides linked by

A

phosphodiester bonds

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13
Q

what bonds form between specific base pairs

A

hydrogen

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14
Q

what charged is phosphate groups

A

negative

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15
Q

where do you inherit mitochondrial DNA from

A

materally

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16
Q

how is DNA packaged

A

around histones

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17
Q

what is a nucleosome

A

a group of 8 histones

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18
Q

DNA is an acid or base

A

acid

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19
Q

Euchromatin=

A

unpacked beads on a string in a transcribing chromosome

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20
Q

heterochromatin=

A

packed fibre in a non-transcribing chromosome

21
Q

chromatin=

A

collection of nucleosomes

22
Q

what is within a chromosome

A

supercoiled chromatin fibre associated with non-histone proteins forming a chromosomal scaffold

23
Q

what determines the shape of a given chromosome

A

chromosomal scaffold

24
Q

centromere=

A

point of attachment to the mitotic spindle

25
Q

chromatid

A

one copy of a duplicated chromosome

26
Q

telomere=

A

protects the ends of the chromosome during replication

27
Q

which arm is the short arm

A

P arm

28
Q

which arm is the long arm

A

q arm

29
Q

what is the human genome pattern

A

diploid

30
Q

how many chromosomes

A

46

31
Q

how many different autosomes

A

22

32
Q

how many sex hormones

A

2

33
Q

how many homologous pairs

A

23

34
Q

when do chromosomes become visible

A

during replication

35
Q

2 parts of cell cycle

A

division and interphase

36
Q

3 parts of interphase

A

G1
S
G2

37
Q

what is the resting phase of a cell

A

G0

38
Q

what happens in G1 phase

A

protein making and growing

39
Q

what happens in S phase

A

chromosomes copied

40
Q

what happens in G2

A

the cell checks DNA and gets ready to start dividing

41
Q

cell division=

A

mitosis

42
Q

5 phases of mitosis

A 
prophase
prometaphase 
metaphase
anaphase 
telephase
43
Q

what happen in prophase

A

chromosome condensation
dispersal of nucleoli
seperation of centrosomes and formation of mitotic spindle

44
Q

what happens in prometaphase

A

fragmentation of the nuclear envelope
attachment of spindle microtubles (MTs) to centromeres
chromosomes start to move towards cell centre

45
Q

what is the mitotic spindle formed from

A

micotubules

46
Q

how do the microtubules attach to the centromere of the chromosome

A

via the kinetochore

47
Q

what happens in metaphase

A

chromosome alingment at the metaphase plate

48
Q

what happen in anaphase

A

chromosomes (chromatids) move to opposite cell poles

49
Q

What happens in telephase

A

chromosomes uncoil
nucleoli develope and fuse
disassembly of spindle
reformation of the nuclear envelope

Block 1 ellen (15 decks)

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