nucleic acid and genetic info L4

Question 1

DNA —->mRNA=

Answer 1

transcription

Question 2

mRNA—> protein=

Answer 2

translation

Question 3

sugar of DNA

Answer 3

deoxyribose

Question 4

bases of DNA

Answer 4

adenine- thymine

cytosine- guanine

Question 5

RNA sugar

Answer 5

ribose

Question 6

RNA bases

Answer 6

adenine- uracil

cytosine- guanine

Question 7

nucleotides are made up off

Answer 7

pentose sugar
phosphate group
nitrogenous base

Question 8

purine bases=

Answer 8

adenine, guanine

Question 9

pyrimidine bases =

Answer 9

cytosine, thymine, uracil

Question 10

other role of nucleotides

Answer 10

ATP carrier
signalling cAMP
enzyme cofactor

Question 11

what is the directionality of DNA

Answer 11

5-3

Question 12

what are the phosphate group and sugar group in adjacent nucleotides linked by

Answer 12

phosphodiester bonds

Question 13

what bonds form between specific base pairs

Answer 13

hydrogen

Question 14

what charged is phosphate groups

Answer 14

negative

Question 15

where do you inherit mitochondrial DNA from

Answer 15

materally

Question 16

how is DNA packaged

Answer 16

around histones

Question 17

what is a nucleosome

Answer 17

a group of 8 histones

Question 18

DNA is an acid or base

Answer 18

acid

Question 19

Euchromatin=

Answer 19

unpacked beads on a string in a transcribing chromosome

Question 20

heterochromatin=

Answer 20

packed fibre in a non-transcribing chromosome

Question 21

chromatin=

Answer 21

collection of nucleosomes

Question 22

what is within a chromosome

Answer 22

supercoiled chromatin fibre associated with non-histone proteins forming a chromosomal scaffold

Question 23

what determines the shape of a given chromosome

Answer 23

chromosomal scaffold

Question 24

centromere=

Answer 24

point of attachment to the mitotic spindle

Question 25

chromatid

Answer 25

one copy of a duplicated chromosome

Question 26

telomere=

Answer 26

protects the ends of the chromosome during replication

Question 27

which arm is the short arm

Answer 27

P arm

Question 28

which arm is the long arm

Answer 28

q arm

Question 29

what is the human genome pattern

Answer 29

diploid

Question 30

how many chromosomes

Answer 30

46

Question 31

how many different autosomes

Answer 31

22

Question 32

how many sex hormones

Answer 32

2

Question 33

how many homologous pairs

Answer 33

23

Question 34

when do chromosomes become visible

Answer 34

during replication

Question 35

2 parts of cell cycle

Answer 35

division and interphase

Question 36

3 parts of interphase

Answer 36

G1 S G2

Question 37

what is the resting phase of a cell

Answer 37

G0

Question 38

what happens in G1 phase

Answer 38

protein making and growing

Question 39

what happens in S phase

Answer 39

chromosomes copied

Question 40

what happens in G2

Answer 40

the cell checks DNA and gets ready to start dividing

Question 41

cell division=

Answer 41

mitosis

Question 42

5 phases of mitosis

Answer 42

``` prophase prometaphase metaphase anaphase telephase ```

Question 43

what happen in prophase

Answer 43

chromosome condensation dispersal of nucleoli seperation of centrosomes and formation of mitotic spindle

Question 44

what happens in prometaphase

Answer 44

fragmentation of the nuclear envelope attachment of spindle microtubles (MTs) to centromeres chromosomes start to move towards cell centre

Question 45

what is the mitotic spindle formed from

Answer 45

micotubules

Question 46

how do the microtubules attach to the centromere of the chromosome

Answer 46

via the kinetochore

Question 47

what happens in metaphase

Answer 47

chromosome alingment at the metaphase plate

Question 48

what happen in anaphase

Answer 48

chromosomes (chromatids) move to opposite cell poles

Question 49

What happens in telephase

Answer 49

chromosomes uncoil nucleoli develope and fuse disassembly of spindle reformation of the nuclear envelope