metabolism and nutrition L3 Flashcards
catabolism=
break down complex organic molecules
anabolism
combining simple molecules
what are micronutrients
vitamins and minerals
what supplies most the bodies needs for energy
carbohydrates and fats
whats fats energy vs carbohydrates
fats energy density= >2x carbohydrates
what requires glucose not fats
the brain
what acts as a source of glucose in absence of carbohydrates
protein
short term store of energy=
glycogen
long term store of energy
fats
what can humans not store
proteins
glycolysis=
1 molecule of glucose is oxidised to 2 molecules pyruvic acid, 2ATP and 2NADH
does glycolysis require O2
no
what happens if O2 is not present after the pyruvate is formed
lactate is produced
what happens in the link reaction
pyruvate enters mitochondria and is converted to acetyl coenzyme A
NADH and CO2 also produced
kreb cycle 1st step
oxaloacetate + acetyl coA —> Citrate
how many carbons does oxaloacetate have
4
how many carbons does citrate have
6
2nd stage of kreb cycle
citrate—> 5C substance + CO2 +NADH
3rd stage of kreb cycle
5C substance —> oxaloacetate + CO2 + 2NADH + ATP + FADH
cori cycle=
lactate converted back to glucose/ glycogen in liver
fats broken into
fatty acids,
glycerol
whats it called when glycerol is converted into glucose and glycogen
gluconeogenesis
can fatty acids be converted into glucose and glycogen
NO
how are fatty acids oxidised
beta-oxidation
what is beta oxidation
enzymes remove 2 carbon atoms at a time and attach them to coA forming acetyl coA which can enter the kreb cycle
what is a major source of NADPH for the synthesis of fatty acids from acetyl choline
pentose phosphate pathway
what is formed when there is a high rate of beta oxidation in the liver
ketone bodies
what can ketone bodies do
can be used in most tissues including the brain to provide energy
what has to happen to amino acids before entering the kreb cycle
deaminated
where are amino acids deaminated
hepatocytes
what does deamination produce
ammonia
what does the liver convert ammonia into
urea
