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block 1 ellen > metabolism and nutrition L3 > Flashcards

metabolism and nutrition L3 Flashcards

1
Q

catabolism=

A

break down complex organic molecules

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2
Q

anabolism

A

combining simple molecules

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3
Q

what are micronutrients

A

vitamins and minerals

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4
Q

what supplies most the bodies needs for energy

A

carbohydrates and fats

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5
Q

whats fats energy vs carbohydrates

A

fats energy density= >2x carbohydrates

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6
Q

what requires glucose not fats

A

the brain

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7
Q

what acts as a source of glucose in absence of carbohydrates

A

protein

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8
Q

short term store of energy=

A

glycogen

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9
Q

long term store of energy

A

fats

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10
Q

what can humans not store

A

proteins

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11
Q

glycolysis=

A

1 molecule of glucose is oxidised to 2 molecules pyruvic acid, 2ATP and 2NADH

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12
Q

does glycolysis require O2

A

no

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13
Q

what happens if O2 is not present after the pyruvate is formed

A

lactate is produced

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14
Q

what happens in the link reaction

A

pyruvate enters mitochondria and is converted to acetyl coenzyme A
NADH and CO2 also produced

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15
Q

kreb cycle 1st step

A

oxaloacetate + acetyl coA —> Citrate

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16
Q

how many carbons does oxaloacetate have

A

4

17
Q

how many carbons does citrate have

A

6

18
Q

2nd stage of kreb cycle

A

citrate—> 5C substance + CO2 +NADH

19
Q

3rd stage of kreb cycle

A

5C substance —> oxaloacetate + CO2 + 2NADH + ATP + FADH

20
Q

cori cycle=

A

lactate converted back to glucose/ glycogen in liver

21
Q

fats broken into

A

fatty acids,

glycerol

22
Q

whats it called when glycerol is converted into glucose and glycogen

A

gluconeogenesis

23
Q

can fatty acids be converted into glucose and glycogen

A

NO

24
Q

how are fatty acids oxidised

A

beta-oxidation

25
Q

what is beta oxidation

A

enzymes remove 2 carbon atoms at a time and attach them to coA forming acetyl coA which can enter the kreb cycle

26
Q

what is a major source of NADPH for the synthesis of fatty acids from acetyl choline

A

pentose phosphate pathway

27
Q

what is formed when there is a high rate of beta oxidation in the liver

A

ketone bodies

28
Q

what can ketone bodies do

A

can be used in most tissues including the brain to provide energy

29
Q

what has to happen to amino acids before entering the kreb cycle

A

deaminated

30
Q

where are amino acids deaminated

A

hepatocytes

31
Q

what does deamination produce

A

ammonia

32
Q

what does the liver convert ammonia into

A

urea

block 1 ellen (15 decks)

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