Nucleic Acid And Central Dogma

Question 1

A biomolecule involved in transfer of genetic information from existing cells to new cells

Answer 1

Nucleic acid

Question 2

A nucleic acid found mainly in the cytoplasm of the cells.

Answer 2

Ribonucleic acid (RNA)

Question 3

An nucleic acid found primarily in the nuclei of the cells

Answer 3

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Question 4

The repeating structural units or monomer of polymeric nucleic acid

Answer 4

Nucleotide

Question 5

The sugar phosphate chain that is common to all nucleic acid

Answer 5

Nucleic acid backbone

Question 6

Two strands of DNA in a double helical form such that adenine and guanine of one strand are match and hydrogen bonded to thymine and cytosine respectively of the second strand

Answer 6

Complementary DNA strands

Question 7

A tightly packed bundle of DNA and protein that is involved in cell division

Answer 7

Chromosome

Question 8

An individual section of a chromosomal DNA molecule that is the fundamental unit of heredity

Answer 8

Gene

Question 9

The process by which an extra copy of DNA molecule is produced

Answer 9

Replication

Question 10

A replication process that produces DNA molecule containing one strand from the parent and a new strand that is complementary to the strand from the parent

Answer 10

Semi conservative replication

Question 11

A point where the double helix of DNA molecule unwinds during replication

Answer 11

Replication fork

Question 12

A DNA fragment produced during replication as a result of strand growth in a direction away from the replication fork

Answer 12

Okazaki fragment

Question 13

RNA that carries genetic information from the DNA in the cell nucleus to the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm

Answer 13

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Question 14

RNA that constitutes about 65% of the material in ribosome, the site of protein synthesis.

Answer 14

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Question 15

A subcellular particle that serve as the site of protein synthesis in all organisms.

Answer 15

Ribosome

Question 16

RNA that delivers individual amino acid molecules to the site of protein synthesis.

Answer 16

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Question 17

A three base sequence in tRNA that is complementary to one of the codons in mRNA

Answer 17

Anticodon

Question 18

The well established process by which genetic information stored in DNA molecules is expressed in the structure of synthesized proteins.

Answer 18

Central dogma of molecular biology

Question 19

The transfer of genetic information from a DNA molecule to a molecule of messenger RNA

Answer 19

Transcription

Question 20

The conversion of the code carried by messenger RNA into an amino acid sequence of proteinm

Answer 20

Translation

Question 21

A segment of a eukaryotic DNA molecule that carries no codes for amino acids.

Answer 21

Intron

Question 22

A segment of eukaryotic DNA molecule that is coded for amino acid

Answer 22

Exon

Question 23

RNA produced when both introns and exons of eukaryotic cellular DNA are transcribed.

Answer 23

Heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA)

Question 24

A sequence of three nucleotide bases that represents a code word on mRNA molecules.

Answer 24

Codon

Question 25

A complex of mRNA and several ribosomes.

Answer 25

Polyribosome or polysome

Question 26

Any change resulting in an incorrect base sequence on DNA

Answer 26

Mutation

Question 27

A chemical that induces mutations by reacting with DNA

Answer 27

Mutagen

Question 28

DNA of an organism that contains genetic material from another organism.

Answer 28

Recombinant DNA

Question 29

A protective enzyme found in some bacteria that catalyzes the cleaving of all of you specific types of DNA

Answer 29

Restriction enzyme

Question 30

A carrier of foreign DNA into a cell.

Answer 30

Vector

Question 31

Circular, double stranded DNA found in the cytoplasm of bacterial cells.

Answer 31

Plasmid