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PHYSICS > nuclear physics > Flashcards

nuclear physics Flashcards

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1
Q

four fundamental forces

A

electromagnetic
strong nuclear force
weak nuclear force
gravitational force

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2
Q

how does the alpha-scattering experiment provide evidence for a dense nucleus

A

few alpha particles bounce back

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3
Q

what is an atom made of

A

protons
neutrons
electrons

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4
Q

what letter is typically associated with proton number

A

Z

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5
Q

what is a nucleon

A

a particle that makes up the nucleus

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6
Q

what is an isotope

A

atoms of an element with same number of protons and a different number of neutrons

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7
Q

what is the strong nuclear force

A

force which holds the nucleus together. must overcome electrostatic repulsive force between protons

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8
Q

range of strong force

A

repulsive up to 0.5fm
attractive up to 3fm

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9
Q

true or false, every particle has an anti-particle

A

true

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10
Q

difference between particle and anti-particle

A

charge

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11
Q

similarity between particle and anti-particle

A

mass

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12
Q

antiparticle of electron

A

positron

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13
Q

what is a hadron

A

type of particle effected by the strong nuclear force

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14
Q

what are hadrons made of

A

quarks

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15
Q

what are the two classes of hadrons

A

baryons
mesons

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16
Q

two examples of baryons

A

protons and neutrons

17
Q

what are leptons

A

fundamental particles which aren’t subject to the strong nuclear force

18
Q

2 examples of leptons

A

muon
neutrino

19
Q

three types of quarks

A

up
down
strange

20
Q

quark composition of protons

A

uud

21
Q

quark composition of neutrons

A

udd

22
Q

what is beta minus decay

A

when a neutron turns into a proton, the atom releases an electron and an anti-electron neutrino

23
Q

what quantities must be conserved during the decay of particles

A

charge
mass
baryon and lepton numbers

24
Q

what features of a nucleus might cause it to radioactively decay

A

too heavy
too much energy

25
Q

order alpha beta gamma in order of the most ionising

A

alpha
beta
gamma

26
Q

in beta plus decay, how does the atomic number change

A

it decreases

27
Q

what is the activity of a source

A

number of radioactive decays per second (measured in becquerels).

28
Q

what happens when a particle and its corresponding anti-particle meet

A

annihilate each other and release two gamma rays in order to conserve momentum

29
Q

what is pair production

A

when a gamma ray has enough energy to produce a particle and its anti-particle

30
Q

what is binding energy

A

energy required to split a nucleus into its constituent parts

31
Q

what is a chain reaction

A

when exactly one neutron from each decay goes on to cause another decay

32
Q

how is nuclear waste disposed of

A

first stored in cooling ponds

PHYSICS (24 decks)

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