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PHYSICS > DONT KNOW P2 > Flashcards

DONT KNOW P2 Flashcards

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1
Q

WHAT HAPPENS WHEN A NUCLEAR EVENT OCCURS

A

TOTAL BINDING ENERGY INCREASES

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2
Q

WHAT IS BINDING ENERGY

A

ENERGY REQUIRED TO SPLIT A NUCLEUS INTO ITS CONSTITUENT NUCLEONS

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3
Q

HOW IS FISSION INDUCED

A

BOMBARDING U235 WITH NEUTRONS TO MAKE U236 WHICH IS UNSTABLE AND CAN THEN UNDERGO FISSION

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4
Q

HOW ARE XRAYS PRODUCED

A

FIRING ELECTRONS AT A HEAVY METAL TARGET (TUNGSTEN)

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5
Q

WHAT DOES ATTENUATED MEAN

A

ABSORBED, REDUCED INTENSITY

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6
Q

SIMPLE SCATTERING IN XRAYS

A

PHOTON CHANGES DIRECTION

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7
Q

COMPTON SCATTERING IN XRAYS

A

PHOTON REMOVES ELECTRON, BUT RE-EMITTED AS A LONGER WAVELENGTH

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8
Q

HOW DOES TRANSMITTED XRAY INTENSITY VARY WITH DISTANCE

A

EXPONENTIALLY

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9
Q

WHAT DOES A CONTROL ROD DO

A

ABSORBS NEUTRONS, NO FISSION

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10
Q

WHAT DOES A FUEL ROD DO

A

CONTAIN URANIUM NUCLEI WHICH UNDERGO FISSION WHEN A NEUTRON IS ABSORBED

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11
Q

WHAT DOES A MODERATOR DO

A

SLOWS NEUTRONS DOWN SO THEYRE ABLE TO BE ABSORBED BY URANIUM NUCLEI IN ANOTHER ROD

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12
Q

WHAT DOES COOLANT DO

A

TAKES KINETIC ENERGY TO WATER TO MAKE STEAM, WHICH TURNS THE TURBINE

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13
Q

CAT ABBREVIATION

A

COMPUTERISED AXIAL TOMOGRAPHY

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14
Q

CAT PROCESS

A

ROTATING X-RAY TUBE AROUND PATIENT.
RAYS DETECTED BY DETECTORS
BUILDS 2D CROSS SECTION IMAGES

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15
Q

WHY IS A LIQUID CONTRAST USED

A

TO HELP MAKE THE IMAGE CLEARER WHEN THERES LESS CONTRAST

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16
Q

A-SCAN FEATURES

A

STATIONARY TRANSDUCER
ONLY MEASURES DEPTH USING TIME TO REFLECT

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17
Q

GAMMA CAMERA COMPUTER

A

PROCESS SIGNALS TO PRODUCE IMAGES

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18
Q

GAMMA CAMERA PHOTOMULTIPLIER TUBES

A

CONVERT PHOTON ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL SIGNAL

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19
Q

GAMMA CAMERA SCINTILLATOR

A

ABSORBS GAMMA PHOTONS AND RE-EMITS MANY VISIBLE PHOTONS

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20
Q

GAMMA CAMERA COLLIMATOR

A

ENSURES RAYS ARE PARALLEL INTO DETECTION CAMERA

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21
Q

WHAT HAPPENS WHEN ULTRASOUND MEETS A MEDIUM WITH DIFFERENT ACOUSTIC IMPEDENCE

A

PARTIAL REFLECTION

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22
Q

B-SCAN FEATURES

A

MULTIPLE A-SCANS WHEN MOVING SIDEWAYS
2D IMAGE IS PRODUCED

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23
Q

TRANSDUCER PROCESS

A

PRODUCES ULTRASOUND BY VARYING PD TO AN ARRAY OF PIEZOELECTRIC SIGNALS, CRYSTALS VIBRATE AND ARE DETECTED, IMAGE IS PRODUCED

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24
Q

DOPPLER SCAN

A

MEASURES FLOW RATE BY DETECTING CHANGE IN FREQUENCY/WAVELENGTH OF ULTRASOUND REFLECTED OFF OF RED BLOOD CELLS

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25
Q

PET PROCESS

A

POSITRON RICH SUBSTANCE IS INJECTED IN
POSITRONS ANNIHILATE WITH ELECTRONS
PAIR OF PHOTONS PRODUCED
PHOTON PAIR DETECTED BY DETECTORS
POINT OF ORIGIN IS CALCULATED
IMAGE IS PRODUCED

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26
Q

ULTRASOUND GEL

A

ATTEMPTS TO MATCH ACOUSTIC IMPEDANCE BETWEEN SKIN AND TRANSDUCER, TO MINIMISE REFLECTIONS BEFORE ENTRY

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27
Q

NUCLEAR WASTE PROCESS

A

FISSION FRAGMENTS INTO ACID POOLS
ENCASED IN POROUS GLASS - NO LEAKS
BURIED DEEP UNDERGROUND - MINIMISE RADIATION EXPOSURE TO ORGANISMS

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28
Q

WHAT HAPPENS IFTWO MEDIUMS HAVE EQUAL IMPEDANCE

A

ACOUSTICALLY MATCHED - NO SOUND IS REFLECTED

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29
Q

WHAT DOES A COHERENT LIGHT SOURCE HAVE

A

CONSTANT PHASE DIFFERENCE

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30
Q

HOW IS CONSTRUCTIVE/DESTRUCTIVE INTERFERENCE DETERMINED

A

PATH DIFFERENCE IS MEASURED

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31
Q

ANTI PARTICLES CHARACTERISTICS

A

SAME MASS
OPPOSITE CHARGE

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32
Q

STRONG NUCLEAR FORCE PURPOSE

A

KEEPS NUCLEUS IN PLACE BY HOLDING NUCLEONS TOGETHER

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33
Q

MATTER AND ANTIMATTER CATEGORIES

A

LEPTONS & HADRONS
LEPTONS = NEUTRINOS, MUONS
HADRONS = BARYONS & MESONS

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34
Q

STRONG NUCLEAR FORCE REPULSIVE RANGE

A

UP TO 0.5FM

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35
Q

STRONG NUCLER FORCE ATTRACTIVE RANGE

A

0.5FM-3FM

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36
Q

WHAT IS PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT EVIDENCE FOR

A

SAYING WAVES BEHAVE LIKE PARTICLES

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37
Q

PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT IN DETAIL

A

IF LIGHT IS FIRED AT METAL WITH SUFFICIENT FREQUENCY, AN ELECTRON WILL BE REMOVED FROM THE SURFACE OF THE METAL

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38
Q

ANNIHILATION

A

PARTICLE AND ITS ANTI-PARTICLE MEETING, ALL MASS IS CONVERTED INTO ENERGY IN THE FORM OF TWO PHOTONS, TO CONSERVE MOMENTUM

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39
Q

PAIR PRODUCTION

A

A PHOTON OF SUFFICIENT ENERGY IS CONVERTED INTO A PARTICLE AND ITS CORRESPONDING ANTI-PARTICLE

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40
Q

MOTOR EFFECT

A

CURRENT-CARRYING WIRE IN A MAGNETIC FIELD WILL EXPERIENCE A FORCE

41
Q

WHAT DOES B STAND FOR IN F=BIL

A

MAGNETIC FLUX DENSITY

42
Q

HOW TO FIND MAGNETIC FLUX DENSITY

A

PLACE MAGNET ON WEIGHING SCALES
MEASURE MASS WHEN KNOWN CURRENT FLOWING
CONVERT FROM MASS TO WEIGHT (N)
MEASURE LENGTH OF WIRE IN FIELD
REARRANGE F=BIL TO CALCULATE B

43
Q

WHAT DOES A SIMPLE GENERATOR CONSIST OF

A

A SPINNING COIL IN A MAGNETIC FIELD

44
Q

WHAT IS CONSERVED IN INTERACTIONS

A

CHARGE
BARYON NUMBER
LEPTOP NUMBER

45
Q

STOPPING POTENTIAL

A

ENERGY REQUIRED TO MAKE CURRENT 0

46
Q

WORK FUNCTION

A

MINIMUM ENERGY REQUIRED TO REMOVE AN ELECTRON FROM THE SURFACE OF A METAL

47
Q

THRESHOLD FREQUENCY

A

MINIMUM FREQUENCY REQUIRED TO REMOVE AN ELECTRON

48
Q

WHAT DOES IN INCREASED INTENSITY OF LIGHT RESULT IN

A

GREATER RATE OF LIBERATION AND INCREASED CURRENT

49
Q

WHAT IS FLUX

A

MEASURE OF HOW MUCH MAGNETISM PASSES THROUGH AN AREA

50
Q

FARADAYS LAW

A

INDUCED EMF IS PROPORTIONAL TO RATE OF CHANGE OF FLUX LINKAGE

51
Q

LENZ’S LAW

A

DIRECTION OF INDUCED EMF IS SUCH THAT IT OPPOSES THE CHARGE WHICH CAUSED IT

52
Q

FREE CHARGED PARTICLE RULE

A

ANY CHARGE MOVING IN A MAGNETIC FIELD WILL EXPERIENCE A FORCE PERPENDICULAR TO ITS VELOCITY

53
Q

BETA DECAY

A

BETA PARTICLE AND ANTINEUTRINO

54
Q

BARYON NUMBER OF ALL QUARKS

A

1/3

55
Q

WHAT HAPPENS TO FLUX WHEN COIL IS PARALLEL TO MAGNETIC FLUX DENSITY

A

ZERO

56
Q

WHAT HAPPENS TO FLUX WHEN COIL IS PERPENDICULAR TO MAGNETIC FLUX DENSITY

A

AT A MAXIMUM

57
Q

TRANSFORMER CONSTRUCTION

A

COILS WRAPPED AROUND SOFT IRON CORE

58
Q

WHAT HAPPENS WHEN A CHARGED PARTICLE ENTERS A FIELD AT A RIGHT ANGLE TO THE FIELD

A

ITS TRAJECTORY WILL BE PARABOLIC

59
Q

RESISTANCE OF SUPERCONDUCTORS

A

0

60
Q

RESISTIVITY DEFINITION

A

RESISTANCE OF A CUBE OF UNIT LENGTH SIDES

61
Q

WHAT IS PD

A

MEASURE OF HOW MUCH ENERGY IS TRANSFERRED TO EACH COULOMB OF CHARGE

62
Q

HOW ARE VOLTMETERS CONNECTED WITH COMPONENTS

A

IN PARALLEL

63
Q

HOW ARE AMMETERS CONNECTED WITH COMPONENTS

A

IN SERIES

64
Q

HOW CAN YOU SEE HOW CURRENT VARIES WITH PD

A

USE A VARIABLE RESISTOR IN SERIES TO VARY ITS P.D

65
Q

SERIES CIRCUIT RULES

A

TOTAL PD SHARED BETWEEN COMPONENTS
CURRENT IS SAME FOR ALL COMPONENTS
TOTAL RESISTANCE = SUM OF RESISTANCES

66
Q

PARALLEL CIRCUIT RULES

A

P.D OF EACH BRANCH = P.D OF BATTERY
CURRENT IS SPLIT BETWEEN BRANCHES
MORE RESISTORS IN PARALLEL = REDUCED RESISTANCE

67
Q

EMF DEFINITION

A

ENERGY SUPPLIED TO EACH UNIT CHARGE

68
Q

KIRCHOFF 1ST LAW

A

CURRENT CONSERVED AT ANY JUNCTION

69
Q

KIRCHOFF 2ND LAW

A

SUM OF EMFS MUST EQUAL SUM OF PD IN CLOSED LOOP

70
Q

WHAT DO POLARISING FILTERS DO

A

ABSORB LIGHT TRAVELLING VERTICALLY

71
Q

WHAT HAPPENS WHEN A WAVE TRAVELS THROUGH TWO POLARISING FILTERS

A

ALL LIGHT IS ABSORBED

72
Q

WHAT TYPE OF WAVES CAN OSCILLATE IN ANY DIRECTION

A

TRANSVERSE

73
Q

CAN LONGITUDINAL WAVES BE POLARISED

A

NO, THIS IS EVIDENCE THAT EM WAVES ARE TRANSVERSE

74
Q

TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION

A

WHEN ALL LIGHT IS REFLECTED AT A BOUNDARY BETWEEN TWO DIFFERENT MEDIUMS

75
Q

WHAT DO DIELECTRICS DO

A

INCREASE PERMITTIVITY WHICH INCREASES CAPACITANCE

76
Q

WHAT IS FORMED AT AN OPEN TUBE END

A

ANTI-NODE

77
Q

WHAT IS FORMED AT A CLOSED TUBE END

A

NODE

78
Q

HOW DOES A CAPACITOR DISCHARGE

A

EXPONENTIALLY

79
Q

WHAT DOES AN ANTI-NODE SHOW

A

CONSTRUCTIVE INTERFERENCE

80
Q

WHAT DOES A NODE SHOW

A

DESTRUCTIVE INTERFERENCE

81
Q

VISIBLE LIGHT WAVELENGTH RANGE

A

400-750NM

82
Q

WHAT DOES AN ‘OHMIC COMPONENT MEAN’

A

IT OBEYS OHMS LAW

83
Q

WHAT IS ELECTRIC POTENTIAL

A

ENERGY REQUIRED TO MOVE A UNIT CHARGE FROM INFINITY TO A POINT

84
Q

HOW DOES A CAPACITOR STORE CHARGE

A

ON PARALLEL PLATES

85
Q

WHAT IS NUMBER DENSITY

A

HOW MANY FREE CHARGE CARRIERS ARE ABLE TO FLOW PER M3 OF A MATERIAL

86
Q

WHAT DOES A GREATER NUMBER DENSITY MEAN

A

BETTER CONDUCTOR

87
Q

WHAT IS THE TIME CONSTANT

A

TIME TAKEN FOR V TO DECREASE BY 37%

88
Q

WHAT IS CAPACITANCE

A

CHARGE STORED PER UNIT PD

89
Q

THERMISTOR

A

INCREASED TEMP = DECREASED RESISTANCE

90
Q

LDR

A

INCREASED LIGHT INTENSITY = DECREASED RESISTANCE

91
Q

HOW DO STATIONARY WAVES FORM

A

WHEN TWO WAVES, WHICH ARE TRAVELLING IN OPPOSITE DIRECTIONS, INTERFERE. IF THEY HAVE THE SAME FREQUENCY AND WAVELENGTH, A STATIONARY WAVE WILL BE PRODUCED

92
Q

RESISTANCE IN SERIES EQUATION

A

RT = R1 + R2 + …

93
Q

RESISTANCE IN PARALLEL EQUATION

A

1/RT = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + …

94
Q

CAPACITANCE IN SERIES EQUATION

A

1/CT = 1/C1 + 1/C2 +…

95
Q

CAPACITANCE IN PARALLEL EQUATION

A

CT = C1 + C2 + C3

96
Q

FIXED RESISTOR GRAPH

A

Y=X

97
Q

FILAMENT LAMP GRAPH

A

‘S’

98
Q

DIODE GRAPH

A

‘J’

99
Q

COULOMBS LAW

A

FORCE BETWEEN TWO OBJECTS IS DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL TO THE PRODUCT OF THEIR CHARGES AND INVERSELY PROPORTIONAL TO THE SQUARE OF THEIR SEPARATION

PHYSICS (24 decks)

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