Chapter 14 - Thermal Physics

Question 1

absolute zero

Answer 1

-273.15 celsius, zero kinetic energy, minimal internal energy

Question 2

convert from celsius to kelvin

Answer 2

add 273.15

Question 3

thermal equilibrium

Answer 3

when there’s no net energy transfer of thermal energy

Question 4

solid properties

Answer 4

-atoms are closely packed
-strong electrostatic forces of attraction
-negative electrostatic potential energy

Question 5

liquid properties

Answer 5

-greater mean separation
-more kinetic energy
-less electrostatic attraction

Question 6

gas properties

Answer 6

-optimal kE
-random speed and direction
-electrostatic energy is at a max 0J

Question 7

internal energy

Answer 7

total value of kinetic and potential energy

Question 8

what happens to the internal energy when a substance changes state

Answer 8

increased potential energy, constant kinetic energy

Question 9

specific latent heat of fusion definition

Answer 9

energy required per unit mass to change phase of a substance from solid to liquid

Question 10

specific latent heat equation

Answer 10

E = mL

Question 11

avogadro’s constant

Answer 11

6.02 x 10^23

Question 12

what does ‘root mean square speed’ do

Answer 12

measure of speed of particles

Question 13

specific heat capacity equation

Answer 13

E = m x c x temp

Question 14

internal energy

Answer 14

sum of kinetic energies and potential energies

Question 15

brownian motion

Answer 15

molecules of gas travelling in a rapid and random motion