Nuclear Medicine

Question 1

john dalton - considered the father of the modern theory of atoms and molecules

Answer 1

1803

Question 2

wilhelm roentgen discovered xray

Answer 2

1895

Question 3

henri bacquerel discovered naturally occurring radioactive substances

Answer 3

1896

Question 4

marie curie discovered two new elements in the uranium ore pitchblende; she named them polonium and radium

Answer 4

1898

Question 5

george de hevesy, considered that father of nuclear medicine, developed the tracer principle and coined the term radionindicator

Answer 5

1923

Question 6

ernest lawrence invented the cyclotron device used to produce (man-made) radioactive tracers

Answer 6

1931

Question 7

hal anger introduced gamma camera

Answer 7

1958

Question 8

david edwards and roy kuhl developed a crude single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) camera which allowed creation of 3D images

Answer 8

1960

Question 9

SPECT imaging became standard practive

Answer 9

1980s

Question 10

medical specialty focuses on the use of radioactive materials for diagnosis, therapy, and medical research

Answer 10

nuclear medicine

Question 11

radioactive drug used for diagnosis or therapy

Answer 11

radiopharmaceuticals

Question 12

radioactiong iostope used to allow a biological process to be seen

Answer 12

tracer

Question 13

device that uses the emission of light from a cyrstal struck by gamma rays to produce an image of the distribution of radioactive material in a body organ

Answer 13

gamma or scintillation camera

Question 14

creates transaxial images of organ physiology

Answer 14

position emission tomography (PET)

Question 15

occurs when a posistion interacts with a free electron

Answer 15

positron annihilation

Question 16

may have 30 t0 60 rings, each ring has as many as 1000 detectors

Answer 16

PET gantry

Question 17

images that relates anatomic position

Answer 17

functional or prarmetric image

Question 18

describes an atomic species with a particular arrangement of protons and neutrons in the nucleus

Answer 18

nuclide

Question 19

elements with the same number of protons and electrons but different number of neutrons

Answer 19

isotopes

Question 20

determines stability of atom

at certain ratios atoms are unstable

Answer 20

neutron-to-proton ratio

Question 21

process that occurs when atoms attempt to regain stability

Answer 21

spontaneous decay

Question 22

unique to each radionuclide

Answer 22

decay schemes

Question 23

time it takes for a quantity of a particular radionuclide to decay to one half its origianl activity
ranges from several hours to several days

Answer 23

half-life

Question 24

produced in reactors or particle accelerators
naturally occuring ones have very long half-lives
unsuitable for nulcear medicine imaging

Answer 24

radionuclides

Question 25

most commonly used and produced in generators

Answer 25

technetium-99

Question 26

sterile and phyrogen free | must undergo quality control measures

Answer 26

radiopharmaceuticals

Question 27

two components of radiopharmaceuticals

Answer 27

radionuclide | pharmaceutical

Question 28

can be bound to biologically active compounds or drugs to create a radiopharmaceutical

Answer 28

technetium

Question 29

measure of radioactivity | corresponds to the decay rate

Answer 29

becquerel (Bq)

Question 30

acquistion of a single image of a particular structure | lung scans; spot bone scan; thyroid scan

Answer 30

static image

Question 31

specifically designed moving detector produces image of the whole body

Answer 31

whole body imaging

Question 32

displays the distribution of radiopharmaceutical over a specific period gastric emptying and first pass cardiac studies

Answer 32

dynamic imaging

Question 33

creates thin slices of an oragan similar to CT and MRI | myocardial, perfusion, liver, tumor, and parathyroid studies

Answer 33

SPECT imaging

Question 34

means within the body

Answer 34

vivo examinations

Question 35

survey to evaluate patiens with diffues musculoskeleta symptoms, metabolic disorders, or malignancies

Answer 35

bone scintigraphy

Question 36

noninvasive studies that assess cardiac performance

Answer 36

nuclear cardiology

Question 37

document extent of involvement of brain by tumors and determine progression or regression of lesions

Answer 37

central nervous system

Question 38

includes the thyroid, parathyroid, pituitary, suprarenal glands, islet cells of the panceras and the gonads

Answer 38

endocrine system

Question 39

liver/spleen scan and GI studies

Answer 39

gastroinstestinal system

Question 40

reliable, noninvasive procedures for evaluation the anatomy and function of nephrology, urology, and kidney dynamic renal scan

Answer 40

genitourinay system

Question 41

potential for detecting and treating cancer

Answer 41

therapeuitic nuclear medicine

Question 42

evaluation of physiolgic function

Answer 42

in vitro & in vitro hermatologic studies

Question 43

diagnostic tool in evaluation inflammation, infection and abcess

Answer 43

imaging for infection

Question 44

evaluate pulmonary emboli, chronic bronchitis asthma

Answer 44

respiratory imaging

Question 45

contrast lymphangiography, MRI, and CT methods to evaluate status of lymph nodes

Answer 45

sentinel node