Intervention Radiology

Question 1

are minimally invasive radiologic procedures that use angiographic techniques to diagnose disease

Answer 1

interventional radiology

Question 2

radiologic examination of vascular structures within the body after introduction of iodinated contrast medium or gas

Answer 2

angiography

Question 3

are categorized as either visceral or peripheral and can be further classified into the following major procedures

Answer 3

angiographic procedures

Question 4

image of the arteries

Answer 4

arteriography

Question 5

imaging of the veins

Answer 5

venography

Question 6

imaging of the heart and associated structures

Answer 6

angiocardiography

Question 7

imaging of the lymphatic vessels/nodes

Answer 7

lymphography

Question 8

are performed to assess the severity of a stenoisis of occlusion in a vessel caused by atherosclerosis

Answer 8

arteriograms

Question 9

is preformed to detect and verify the existence and exact postion of the intracranial vascular lesion such as an aneurysm

Answer 9

cerebral angiography

Question 10

needed to visualize the vessel of interest

Answer 10

vessel access

Question 11

must be introduced to the patients vasculature through which contrast media will be injected

Answer 11

catheter

Question 12

developed by dr. sven seldinger in 1953 where an 18 gauge hollow needle containing a stylet is used precutanously in order to gain arterial or venous access

Answer 12

seldinger technique

Question 13

three vessels are typically considered for catherterization

Answer 13

femoral, brachial, axillary

Question 14

used to allow the safe introduction of the catheter into the vessel
allows the radiologist to posistion the catheter within the vascular network

Answer 14

guidewire

Question 15

similar to guidewires, different sizes and shape to fit the vessel of interest
diameter is categorized in French (Fr) sizes; 3 FR equals 1 mm in diameter

Answer 15

catheters

Question 16

usually a water-soulble, nonionic iodinated and radiopaque compound that is injected through the catheter for visualization of vessels

Answer 16

contrast media

Question 17

have replaced ionic compounds because of their low osmolality and reduced risk of allergic reactions and physiologic problems

Answer 17

nonionic contrast media

Question 18

primary purpose is to provide a vascular “road map” that enables the localization and diagnosis of pathology or other anomalies of the brain and neck region

Answer 18

cerebral angiography

Question 19

most common studies

Answer 19

common and internal carotid arteriography

Question 20

most frequently performed angiogram study to visualize the common carotid arteries

Answer 20

common carotid arteriography

Question 21

allows visulazation of the internal carotid arteries and the birfurcation into the anterior and middle cerecral arteries

Answer 21

internal carotid arteriography

Question 22

demonstrates the contour and integrity of the throcaic vasculature
angiographic study of the ascending aorta, arch, descending aorta, and major branches

Answer 22

throacic arteriography

Question 23

oblique visulaization of the aortic arch usually performed witht the pateint in a 45 degree LAO posistion

Answer 23

thoracic aortogram

Question 24

demonstrates the arterial phase of a pulmonary angiogram, usually done to investigate for pulmonary embolus

Answer 24

pulmonary arteriogram

Question 25

radiologic imaging of the heart and associated structures

Answer 25

angiocardiography

Question 26

typically performed with angiocardiography to visualize the coronary arteries

Answer 26

coronary arteriography

Question 27

performed to identify the anatomic and physicologic condition of the heart

Answer 27

cardiac catheterization

Question 28

demonstrates the contour and integrity of abdominal vasculature allows the visulization of abdominal vessels and possible obstruction or vessel tears

Answer 28

absominal angiography

Question 29

radiologic exam of the peripheral vasculature after the injection of contrast media

Answer 29

peripheral angiography

Question 30

injection by a cahther into an artery of an extremity

Answer 30

arteriograms

Question 31

injection into a vein of the extremity

Answer 31

venograms

Question 32

performed to visualize the lymph vessels and nodes

Answer 32

lymphongraphy

Question 33

usually an angiographic approach to create an embolus in a vessel thus restricting blood flow

Answer 33

embolization

Question 34

uses an angiographic approach and specilized catheters to dilate a stenosed vessel

Answer 34

precutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stent placement

Question 35

uses a combination of interventional stents and surgical grafts to treat aortic aneurysms

Answer 35

stent-graft placement

Question 36

uses an angiographic technique to place a filter in the inferior vena cava to tream pulmunary emboli

Answer 36

inferior vena cava filter

Question 37

placement of venous access catheters to administer chemotherapy or large amounts of antibiotics for frequent blood tests and parenteral nutrition

Answer 37

insertion of venous access devices

Question 38

vasuclar-interventional procedure used to treat variceal bleeding, refractory ascitis and cirrhosis

Answer 38

transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS)

Question 39

procedure that uses a dissolving agent injected through catherter into the region of the thrombus or clot, whereby the clost is lysed (disintegrated)

Answer 39

thrombolysis

Question 40

uses a range of agents such as vasoconstrictors, vasodilators, chemotherapeutic drugs, and radioactive materials that treat disease

Answer 40

infusions therapy

Question 41

procedure that removes foreign bodies such as (calculi, fragments of vascular catheters or guide wires, pacemaker electrodes, and shunts) through the use of loop snares, basket catheters, or endoscopic grasping forceps

Answer 41

extraction of vascular foreign bodies

Question 42

used to treat patients who have vertebral pain and instability caused by osteoporosis, spinal metaatases, compression fractures, or veterbral angiomas injection of acrylic cement into the vertebral body to stablize the spine

Answer 42

percutaneous verterbroplasty and kyphoplasty

Question 43

involves placing a stent for decrompression of the obstructed bowel done preoperatively to reduce postoperative complications in the case of bowel obstructions and a palliative measures for colonic structures

Answer 43

enteric stenting

Question 44

performed for both diagnostic and therapeutic reasons and is useful in treating several types of kidney pathologies or disorders used diagnostically for renal function assessment a urine culture, therapeutic reasons include stone diversion, chemolysis, and abscess drainage

Answer 44

nephrostomy

Question 45

used as a palliative procedure for unresectable malignant disease internal or external drainage, stone removal, dialation of obstructed bile duct, and biopsy

Answer 45

percutaneous biliary drainage (PBD)

Question 46

indicated when abdominal or pelvic abscesses cannot be readliy treated by simple incision and when the location of the abscess is in a safe place for needle entery

Answer 46

percuatneous abdominal abseess drainage (PAD)

Question 47

perfromed when primary or metastic malignancy is suspected

Answer 47

precutaneous needle biopsy

Question 48

performed for extended feeding (greater than 4 weeks) of patients unable to eat, gastric decompression, dilation of upper GI tract when the oral approach fails

Answer 48

percutaneous gastrostomy

Question 49

involves using computers in conjuction with specilized imaging equipment to produce quality diagnostic digital images

Answer 49

digital image acquistion

Question 50

typically a multiphase format offering 12 pulses per second that offers high performance capabilities allows high mA stations and low kVp setting that improve the visibility of contrast medium against surrounding soft tissue structures allows for shorter exposure time which reduces exposure to the patient

Answer 50

generator

Question 51

constructed with larger diameter anode disks combined with a larger target angle or focal spot size to accommodate for the increased heat production

Answer 51

xray tube

Question 52

require the use of charge-couple devices (CCD) and an analog-to-digital converter to produce a digital image CCD replaces the television camera in the vascular imaging system

Answer 52

analog image intensifiers

Question 53

acquire images digitally so no specail concersion equipment is required composed of silicon pixel detectors that are known as flat panels or digital detectors

Answer 53

digital image intensifiers

Question 54

controls the speed of the imaging equipment and allows the images to be viewed in real-time

Answer 54

hardware

Question 55

controls various components of the imaging system including the generator, xray tube, image processing hardware, and archiving storage device

Answer 55

computer

Question 56

allows for the same delivery of large and small bolus injections of present amounts of contrast necessary for angiography

Answer 56

contrast medium injection devices

Question 57

display the injection parameters; manipulated by interbentional radiologist; includes flow rate, rise, total volume pressure and delay

Answer 57

control panel

Question 58

removable and disposable with a capacity of 40-260cc

Answer 58

syringe

Question 59

thermal sleeve placed over preloaded syringe to maintain contrast medium at normal body temperature, reduces viscosity

Answer 59

warming device

Question 60

an electromagnetic motor that moves a piston into or out of the syringe

Answer 60

high pressure mechanism

Question 61

prevents excessive amounts of contrast from being delivered to patient

Answer 61

volume limiting device

Question 62

prevents injection pressure from exceeding maximum presssure set prior to the injection

Answer 62

pressure limiting device

Question 63

allows electromechanical motor to accelerate over an exact duration of time to prevent whiplash of the catheter

Answer 63

acceleration regulator

Question 64

prevents an instant surge of injection pressure by gradually increasing the psi to preset limits

Answer 64

rate-rise control

Question 65

typically an island-type, low attenuation table that provides acces to the patient on all sides four-floating capabilities adjustable height table plate for attachement of equipment tilting mechanism constructed of low radiation absorbing plastic and carbon fiber material that does not degrade image quality

Answer 65

angiographic table

Question 66

allows the monitoring of the patients venous and arterial pressures and ECG

Answer 66

physiologic monitoring equipment

Question 67

spot filming replaced traditional spot film devices | involves the production of one image and is generally used when only a few images are needed for a procedure

Answer 67

digital angiography

Question 68

a highly sophisticated computer - substracts or removes bone and soft tissue structures so that the resultant image demonstrates only the vessles of interest containing contrast media (vessels in the head, chest, extremeties)

Answer 68

digital substraction angiography (DSA)

Question 69

involves taking numerous exposures (frames) in a secon used primarily for cardiac catherterization which requires exposure rates of 15, 30, or 60 frames per second able to demonstrate events that are normally too fast or cannot be seen by general fluoroscopy

Answer 69

digital cineradiography