Mammography Flashcards
soft tissue radiographic examination of the breast
mammography
are problem-solving examinations in which specific projections are obtained to rule out cancer or to demo a suspicious area seen on routine projections
diagnostic mammography
the american cancner society estimates
1-8 american woman will develop breast cancer
____% of men will develope breast cancer
1-2
a baseline mammogram should be obtained by age
40
____% found in women with family history
13.6
true genetic disorders have only been identified in
5-10%
is more sensitive to carcinogents during menarche
glandular breast tissue
include early menses, late menopause, first brith after the age of 30, or nullparity
high risk women
enacted by US federal government in 1992 over public concern over poor quality of mammography
result of ACR public campaign that all women over 40 should get baseline mammograom
mammography quality standards act (MQSA)
requires all facilities performing mammogrpahy (except VA facilities) to meet strict federal quality standards and become certified for operation by the secretary of the department of health and human services (DHHS)
marks the first time the use of an xray machine and a specific exam were regulated by the federal government
1 oct 1994 Act went into affect
known as public law 105-248
28 april 1999 final rules
asymptomatic patient or a patient without any breast problems
two-view protocol usually media lateral oblique and cranial caudad projections
screening mammography
performed on patients with symptoms or elevated risk factors
some patients may be requried to return for subsequent mammograms in 3-6months to assess for interal changes
diagnostic mammography
continues to be the standard in current breast radiography
film scree mammography
replaced by detector which produces and electrical signal that is digitized and stored
contains flat detectors mounted on xray unit
no imaging plate required
captures remnant xrays and produces digital image which is then projected on a monitor for direct veiwing
direct digtal mammography
uses removable imaging plated thatneed to be transported to a reader device where photo-stimulable phosphor plate is read by a laser and voncerted into electrical signal
computed mammography
strict quality control
MQSA
offers more precise control of kVp, mA, and exposure time
utilizes low mA setting and have a variable mA selection from 20-100
high frequency generators
reduces scatter radiation and increase image contrast
specialized grid
used more often
molybdenum target with molybdenum filter
used for better penetration of more dense, thick-tissued breasts
molybdenum target with rhodium filter
rhodium target with rhodium filter
provides consistent image receptor exposure for various thickness and density compostions of breast tissue and for the range of kVp used
AEC chamber selection
used to compress breast
compression device
