Nuclear Chemistry

Question 0

The difference in the larger mass of the constituent protons and neutrons than that of the original nucleus

Answer 0

Mass defect

Question 1

An amount of energy required to break up a given nucleus into it’s constituent protons and neutrons. This is also the energy that holds the nucleons together in the nucleus.

Answer 1

Binding energy

Question 2

Atomic number describes ?

Answer 2

Number of protons

Question 3

Mass number describes ?

Answer 3

Number of protons and neutrons

Question 4

The number of ____ determines the identity of an element. The number of ____ determine different isotopes of the same element

Answer 4

Protons

Neutrons

Question 5

Another name for radio active isotope

Answer 5

Radio nucleotide

Question 6

Nuclear reactions :

What are changed ?
Reaction energy ?
Reaction rates?
What is invoked ?

Answer 6

Elements or isotopes are changed from one to another
Larger amounts of energy is released or absorbed
Rates not affected by catalysts temperature or pressure
Protons neutrons and electrons can be involved

Question 7

Chemical reactions :

What is changed ?
Reaction energy
Reaction rates
What is involved ?

Answer 7

Atoms are rearranged through breaking or forming chemical bonds
Release or absorption of small amounts of energy
Rates affected by catalysts temperature or pressure
Only electrons in the affected orbital are involved in breaking or forming bonds

Question 8

What is the most stable atom / has the highest binding energy per nucleon

Answer 8

Iron

Question 9

Atomic mass of a proton ?

Atomic mass of a neutron ?

Answer 9

1. 00728 amu

1. 00867 amu

Question 10

How many protons and neutrons are in a helium atom ?

Answer 10

2 protons , 2 neutrons

Question 11

Process in which a large heavy (mass number > 200) atom splits to form smaller, more stable nuclei and one or more neutrons.

Answer 11

Fission

Question 12

Is energy absorbed or released in fission ?

Answer 12

A large amount is released

Question 13

When a certain nuclei absorbs a low energy neutron and fission is induced in certain nuclei. When they release more neutrons in turn this is called

Answer 13

Chain reaction

Question 14

What is the only radio active decay that causes a change in the mass number ?

Answer 14

Alpha decay. -4 to mass number

Question 15

This is similar to an electron but has a positive charge. What is it ? When are they emitted ?

Answer 15

Positron (beta +)

Occurs when a proton or neutron in the nucleus decays

Question 16

Beta - means that ?

Beta + means that ?

Answer 16

Neutron is consumed , a proton takes it’s place
Proton is consumed , a neutron takes it’s place

Therefore mass number doesn’t change. Only atomic.

Question 17

The only radioactive decay that the atomic number increases ?

Answer 17

Beta -

Question 18

What is more penetrating ? Alpha or beta decay ?

Answer 18

Beta because of the slight charge on them

Question 19

Emission of high energy photons and allows the nucleus to shed excess energy

Answer 19

Gamma decay

Question 20

Certain unstable radio nucleotides are capable of capturing an inner ___ that combines with a proton to form a neutron. What happens to the atomic mass ?

Answer 20

Electron

Decreases by 1