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General Chemistry > Atomic Structure > Flashcards

Atomic Structure Flashcards

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0
Q

Materials having no unpaired electrons, being slightly repelled by a magnetic field

A

Diamagnetic materials

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1
Q

Materials that have unpaired electrons causing a magnetic field to align the spins of the electrons and to weakly attract the atom to the field.

A

Paramagnetic materials

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2
Q

What are the valence electrons for the transition elements

A

Outermost s subshell

Next to outermost d subshell

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3
Q

What are the valence electrons of the inner transition elements

A

Outermost s subshell
Next to outermost d subshell
2 levels below outermost f subshell

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4
Q

How many valence electrons does Fe have

A

8

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5
Q

What are the valence electrons for elements 3A to 8A?

A

Outermost s electrons

Outermost p electrons

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6
Q

What are the valence electrons for 1A and 2A elements?

A

Outermost s orbital

Beyond period 2 they might accept electrons into their empty d orbitals

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7
Q

How many valence electrons are in Selenium

A

6

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8
Q

How many valence electrons are in sulfur in a sulphate ion

A

12

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9
Q

Different isotopes of one element have different numbers of _______ but the same number of ________.

A

Neutrons , protons

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10
Q

Avagadros number ?

A

6.02 x10^23

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11
Q

If one atom of nitrogen has a mass of 14u, then one mole of nitrogen has a mass of ___g?

A

14

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12
Q

The name of the energy emitted as electromagnetic radiation from matter in discrete bundles

A

Quanta

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13
Q

Angular momentum equation?

A

L=mvr

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14
Q

Kinetic energy equation ?

A

Mv^2/2

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15
Q

Angular momentum of an electron?

A

L=nh/2pi

16
Q

Rydberg constant

A

2.18*10^-18 j/electron

17
Q

Electron energy equation

A

E=-Rh/n^2

18
Q

For the orbital radius ; the smaller the radius, the ______ the energy state of the electron.

A

Lower

19
Q

Electromagnetic energy of a photon equation

A

E=hc/wavelength

20
Q

What is the spectrum composed of light at specific frequencies where each line on the emission spectrum corresponds to a specific electronic transition?

A

Line spectrum

21
Q

The group of hydrogen emission lines corresponding to transitions from upper levels n>2 to n=2.

Also has 4 wavelengths in the visible region

A

The Balmer series

22
Q

The groups of H emission lines corresponding to transitions between upper levels n>1 and n equals one

Also has higher energy transitions in the UV region

A

Lyman series

23
Q

The equation showing that the energy of the emitted photon corresponds to the precise difference in difference in energy between the higher energy initial state and the lower energy final state

A

E= h(6.626x10^-34js)/wavelength = -Rh(1/ni^2 -1/nf^2)

24
Q

What is the Heisenberg uncertainty principle?

A

It is impossible to simultaneously determine with perfect accuracy the momentum and the position of an electron

25
Q

What is the Pauli exclusion principle

A

No set of two electrons in a given atom can possess the same set of four quantum numbers

26
Q

What is the position and energy of an electron described by its quantum numbers called

A

It’s energy state

27
Q

What is the maximum number of electrons in an electron shell n

A

2n^2

28
Q

The difference in energy between adjacent shells decreases as the distance from the nucleus________ ?

A

Increases

29
Q

What are the first second third and fourth quantum number called? What do they represent?

A

Principal quantum number = size
Azimuthal quantum number =shape
Magnetic quantum number =orientation
Spin quantum number =spin

30
Q

What are the four subs shells corresponding to L equals 0,1,2,3

A

Sharp, principal, diffuse, and fundamental subshells

31
Q

Electrons in different orbitals with the same ms values are said to have _______ spins while electrons with opposite spins/ different ms values are referred to as ________

A

Parallel

Paired

32
Q

What is the Aufbau principle ?

A

Sub shells are filled from lowest to highest energy and each sub shell will fill completely before electrons begin to enter the next one

Also the rules states that the lower the sum of the first and second quantum numbers the lower the energy of the sub shell. If two subshells possess the same and n+ L value the sub shell with the lower n value has a lower energy and will fill first

33
Q

Which will fill first the 3-D sub shell or the 4S sub shell?

A

4s

34
Q

If the principle quantum number of a shell is 2, what types of orbitals will be present ?

A

S and p

L =0(s),1(p)

35
Q

What is the total number of electrons that could be held in a subshell with an angular momentum number equal to 2

A

10

36
Q

An element with an atomic number of 26 has how many electrons in the 3d shell?

A

6

37
Q

To determine which subshell has the lowest energy, use the ______ rule

A

N+ l

38
Q

Energy of a photon equation ?

A

E= h(6.636 x 10^-34js)x v(frequency)

General Chemistry (12 decks)

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