Nuclear atomics Flashcards
n
principal quantum number
this corresponds to the energy level and orbit an electron resides
the period
quantum number l
l = azimuthal
refers to subshells or sublevels:
0, 1, 2, 3 = s, p, d, f
quantum number ml
magnetic quantum number
this is the particular orbital within a subshell.
quantum number ms
spin quantum
spin of a particle, it’s angular momentum
up or down
Hund’s rule - how are orbitals filled within a subshell?
filled so that there is a max number of half-filled orbitals, all with parallel spins (fill blanks with up arrows first)
formal charge equation
Valence electrons - 1/2Nbonding - Nnonbonding
Hydrogen bonding is between H and…
O, N, F
very EN
what exactly is a dispersion force?
in covalent bonds, e arenn’t really shared equally as e are located randomly in orbital.
Causes rapid polarization, making more dipoles
what is the law of mass action vs rate law?
mass action: Kc = [C]c[D]d/[A]a[B]b
Rate law = k[A]a[B]b
if Keq»1…
eq mixture will have way more product that reactants
Keq«1…
eq mix will have way more reactants than product
Keq ~1…
reactants and products about the same
what’s the difference between stp and standard conditions?
stp is used for gas law conditions, 0C
standard is used for enthalpy, S, G, V 25C
Alpha decay, what happens?
nuc loses 2 protons and 2 neutrons
which results in a new element, new mass number
alpha particle now has 2 protons and 2 neutrons and no electrons, it’s essentially a He+2 ion!
Beta Decay, what happens?
neutron emits an electron (which is weird), so it loses its neg charge, so it becomes a proton
literally a neutron turns into a proton
So you have a new element, but mass number will stay the same
