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MCAT > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

Keys to remember when determining equilibrium conditions

A

pure solids and pure liquids are ignored, eg water!
more reactants - shift right
more product - shift left

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2
Q

equivalence point

A

point in titration where number of equivalents being added is equal to number of equivalents of species being titrated.

pH = pka at half eq point, not full eq pt

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3
Q

quantum number n

A

principal quantum number. eg 3 (3s, 3d, 3p)

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4
Q

quantum number l

A

azimuthal number - corresponds to orbital:

s = 0

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5
Q

intermolec bond

A

hydrophobic bonds, ionic, H bonds

Covalent is considered continuous, NOT intermolecular

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6
Q

Are liquids and solid compressible?

A

No, so changing the Pressure will not affect the rate of rxn

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7
Q

How to drive a rxn left or right?

A

add more of something, take something out, inc heat or dec heat

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8
Q

an increase in P favors what side of the equation

A

the side with fewer moles of gas. Remember you can’t really change the P of liq or solid

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9
Q

atomic radius trends

A

radii dec as you go left
radii inc as you go down
largest at bottom left because you have a brand new orbital started
smallest at top right, holding e very tight, really want to gain another one

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10
Q

What are the ideal conditions for gases?

Why?

A

High T - they’re have so much E, moving quickly, overcomes interactions between the gas particles

Low P - have lots of room to be ideal, they don’t bump into each other

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11
Q

isoelectric point

A

point in which a ptn has a net charge of 0

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12
Q

half equivalence point

A

when ph = pka

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13
Q

which has higher penetration alpha or beta parts?

A

beta has higher

alpha is low because they’re so big

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14
Q

which electrons lie closer to the nuc, e in 4s or 3d?

A

3d lie closer and electrons will be taken out of 4s first.

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15
Q

lower pka = stronger or weaker acid?

A

stronger acid

weaker conj base

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16
Q

in a battery, what happens at anode vs cathode?

A

anode - the material is oxidized, loses e
so equation has e on the left

cathode - the material is reduced - gains the e
so the eq has e on the right

17
Q

how do you find the reducing agent?

A

it is the chemical that is oxidized, meaning it loses the e
it cuases another species to be reduced.
look for who is losing the e?
check the formal charges on the species

18
Q

what takes place at the anode?

cathode?

A

RED CAT
redox at cathode (gain e)

AN OX
oxi at anode (lose e)

So e will travel from the anode to the cathode

19
Q

How do you write rate law?

A

rate = k[(conc of reactant)^coeff][conc of react^coeff]

For the rate determining step!

20
Q

Are eclipsed conformations ever favorable over staggered?

A

sometimes

21
Q

hydrations rxn require high or low temps? acid or base?

dehydration

A

high temps and conc acid

low temps, dilute acid

22
Q

positron

A

positively charged electron

type of beta emission (an expulsion of electrons)

23
Q

For a compound, how can you know how many different mcules will have the same connectivity as your mcule?

A

2^n where n is the number of chiral centers in the compound. 2 because each chiral center can be either R or S

24
Q

Eq with enthalpy, entropy and Gibbs free E?

A

G = H-TS

pay attention to plus and minus signs here. this will determine is G is pos or neg

25
Q

Gibbs free E

A

G or delta G

26
Q

Enthalpy

A

H

-H means its spontaneous

27
Q

entropy

A

S = disorder

28
Q

a salt is what kind of bond?

A

ionic!

29
Q

how do you determine what will depress the freezing point the most?

A

a compound that will dissociate into the greatest number of ions in the solution, it will intervene the most with the existing compound and change the freezing point the most. it makes sense.

30
Q

what is the density of water?

the molarity?

A 
d = 1 kg/L
M = 55M you can solve using molar mass to get this
31
Q

acid + base –>

A

salt and water

32
Q

strong conjugate bases have ______conj acids

A

weak

33
Q

do noble gases have high or low bp?

A

low, which is not what I thought. The forces between the atoms are weak so it’s low

34
Q

buffer solutions, what is required?

A

weak acid and conj base

or weak base and conj acid

35
Q

adiabatic

A

no transfer of heat energy involved

36
Q

what has the highest boiling point, a polar mcule or alkane?

A

more polar is always higher bp, the forces are so much stronger!

37
Q

in deuterosome, what does the blastopore become?

A

the anus

38
Q

what is a precursor to bile acids?

A

cholesterol

39
Q

on DNA, where is the phosphate of a nuc acid added to the existing strand?

A

attaches to the 3’ hydroxyl group

MCAT (14 decks)

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