NUCAMA MISS SAZON LINTE Flashcards
tabang Lord
– or cardinal signs; are a quick & efficient
way of monitoring a patient’s condition or identifying
problems & evaluating his or her response to
intervention
Vital Signs
– is the difference
between the amount of heat produced by
body processes & the amount lost to the
external environment.
Body Temperature
– is the palpable bounding of
blood flow in a peripheral artery.
Pulse rate
is a pulse located in the periphery of the body e,g. in the foot and or neck
peripheral pulse
is located at the apex of the heart
apical pulse (central pulse)
is the mechanism the body
uses to exchange gases between the
atmosphere & the blood & the blood cells.
Respiration
The exchange of gas at the alveolar level
internal respirations
breathing movements that can be observed by the nurse; inspiration and expiration
external respiration
inhaling air with oxygen into the lungs
inspiration
exhaling air with carbon dioxide out of the lungs
expiration
is the force exerted on
the walls of the artery by the pulsating blood
under pressure from the heart.
blood pressure
– is conducted as an initial
evaluation in triage for emergency care, routine
screening; determine eligibility for health insurance,
military service, or a new job; or to admit a patient to
a hospital or long-term care facility.
Physical examination
occurs when interacting with a
patient, watching for nonverbal expressions
of emotional & mental status.
inspection
involves using the sense of
touch to gather information
palpation
– involves tapping the skin with
the fingertips to vibrate underlying tissues &
organs.
percussion
involves listening to
sounds the body makes to detect variations
from normal.
auscultation
– is the study of how medications
enter the body, reach their site of action, metabolize,
& exit the body.
pharmacokinetics
increase the action of sweat glands
diaphoresis
which increases the flow of urine
diuretics
a cleansing agent
detergents
an agent that promotes digestion
digestants
drug that produce vomiting
emetics
drugs that stimulates uterine contractions
ecbolics or oxytocics
increase the bronchial secretions and aid in the expulsions of the mucus
expectorants
substances that smoothen, soften and protect the skin
emollient
substances that increases the flow of milk
galactogogue
drugs that produce sleep
hypnotics
an agent to check hemorrhage
hemostatics
any substance capable of lowering BP
hypotensive
drugs that lower the blood level sugar
hypoglycemic
an agent which tends to increase Hb content of blood
haematinics
dilate the pupils of eye
mydriatics
drugs which relieve the nasal congestion
nasal decongestant
drugs that produces stupor or complete insentibility
narcotics
used in the treatment of scabies
scabicides
substances which lessen the body activity
sedatives
increase functional activity of an organ or system
stimulants
a blistering agent
vesicants
drugs which dilate the bloods vessels and lowering BP
vasodilators
drugs which constrict the blood vessels and raising the BP
vasoconstrictors
drugs used to relieve pain
analgesics
drugs which destroy and expel worms
anthelminitcs
drugs which cause lose of sensation
ansthetics
drugs which reduce fever
antipyretics
used to counteract the effect of the poison
antidotes
act either to inhibit, kill the microorganism
anti-effective
to reduce inflammatory
anti-inflammatory
inhibit or to decrease the blood clotting process
anti-cogulants
is used to prevent of relieve allergy
anti-histamines
react with HCL to decrease activity of stomach secretions
antacids
to prevent of treat convulsions
anti convulsants
ability to destroy or inhibit the growth of microorganism
antibiotics
used to treat diarrhea
anti-diarrhetics
drugs inhibit the cough reflex (CNS)
anitsussives
drugs which provides relief for asthmatic attack by relaxing the smooth muscles of bronchioles
anti-asthmatics
inhibits the growth of bacteria
antiseptics
drugs which prevent the growth of fungi
antifungal
relieves the spasmodic pains or spasms of muscles
antispasmodic
relieves the spasmodic pains or spasms of muscles
antispasmodic
relieves or prevents nausea and vomiting
antimetics
used to treat tuberculosis
anti-tubecular
helps in the coagulation of blood
coagulants
drugs which cause expulsion of gas from stomach and intestines
carminatives
– is the easiest & the most
commonly used route of medication
administration
oral route
– under the
tongue
sublingual administration
– in the mouth
against the mucous membranes of the
cheek
buccal administration
involves injecting a
medication into body tissues
parenteral route
– injection into the
dermis just under the epidermis
intradermal (ID)
– is the expected or
predicted physiological response caused by a
medication.
EX: paracetamol reduces pain, fever and
inflammation
therapeutic effect
-are the
undesired, unintended, & often
unpredictable responses to medications;
range from mild to severe
- Side effects: predictable and often
unavoidable secondary effects produced at a
usual therapeutic dose.
side effects/adverse effects
are undesirable and
unpredictable severe responses to
medication.
adverse effects
– often develop after prolonged
intake of a medication or when a medication
accumulates in the blood because of
impaired metabolism or excretion.
EX: liver damage or kidney damage
toxic effects
– unpredictable
effects wherein a patient overreacts or
underreacts to a medication or has a reaction
different from normal.
idiosyncratic reactions
injection into tissues just
below the dermis of the skin
subcutaneous
– is carried out until the health care
provider cancels it by another order or a
prescribed number of days elapse.
standing orders or routine medication
– given only when a patient
requires it.
pm orders
– a medication to
be given once at a specified time
single (one-time) orders
– signifies that a single dose of a
medication to be given immediately & only
once.
STAT orders
– is more specific than a 1-time
order & is used when a patient needs a
medication quickly but not right away, as in a
STAT order
now order
– written by a health care
provider for patients who are to take
medications outside of the hospital.
prescriptions
indicates that the medication is to be given immediately and only once e,g. morphine sulfate 10 milligrams IV stat
stat order
or one time order indicates that the medication is to given once at a specified time e,g. Seconal 100 miligrams at bedtime.
single order
is written in advance carried out under specific carried out under specific circumstances (e,g. amox twice daily x 2 days)
standing orders
“PRN” is a latin term that stands for “pro renata” which means as the thing is needed “ A PRN order or as-needed order; permits the nurse to give a medication when the client requires it (e,g. Amphojel 15 mL prn)
PRN Order
with oxygen
aerobic
without oxygen
anaerobic
without fever
afebrile
no oxygen reaching the brain
anoxia
abscence of breathing
apnea
secretion
mucus
slow but regular breathing
bradypnea
a bluish appearance of the skin and mucus
cyanosis
difficulty of breathing
dyspnea
with fever
febrile
a lack of oxygen concentration
hypoxia
a lack of oxygen in the blood
hypoxaemia
paralysis on one side of the body
hemiplegia
infection
sepsis
ABG
Aterial blood gas
ANST
After negative skin test
BUN
Blood Urea Nitrogen
C/S
Culture and Sensitivity
CAP
Community aquired pneumonia
CHF
Congestive Heart Failure
CPR
cardiopulmonary resusication
DNR
Do not resusicate
FBS
Fasting blood sugar
ICU
Intensive care unit
IVF
Intravenous fluid
KVO
Keep vein open
MRI
Magnetic resonance imaging
NCP
Nursing care plan
OTC
Over the counter
Post MN
Post midnight
PNSS
Plain Normal Saline Solution
PTB
pulmonary tuberculosis
R/O
rule out
ROM
Range of Motion
T/C
To consider
TSB
Tepid sponge bath
U/A
urinalysis
UTI
Urinary tract infection
UTZ
Ultrasound
WBC
White blood cells
abd
abdomen
amt
amount
approx.
approximately
BM(bm)
bowel movement
BP
Blood pressure
CBC
Complete blood count
CBR
complete bedrest
c/o
complains of
DAT
diet as tolerated
Dx
diagnosis
gtt
drop
H20
water
I and O
intake and output
LMP
last menstrual period
ml
mililiter
NPO
nothing by mouth
O2
oxygen
pt
patient
TPR
temperature, pulse, respiration
VO
verbal order
V/S
vital signs
The right to quality care and treatment
consistent with available resources and
generally accepted standards, with no
discrimination or pledge
right to appropriate medical care and humane content
The right to be advised in non – clinical terms of
information needed to make knowledgeable
decisions on onset or refusal for treatment
- Such information should include significant
complications, risks, benefits, and alternative
treatments available
Right to informed consent
The right to be informed of the nature and extent
of disease, result of evaluation, complications,
and other pertinent facts
- The right to examine and be given an itemized
hospital/treatment bill
- The right to be informed of continuing care or
rehabilitation and summary or course of illness
and treatment
right to information
- The right within the law and military regulations,
to privacy and confidentiality concerning
medical care - The right to demand that all information,
communication, and records pertaining to care
be treated as confidential - The right to choose on whom to inform
right to privacy and confidentially
- Free to choose the health care provider and
facility to serve patient well - The right to know, at all times, the identity,
professional’s status, and professional
credentials of health care personnel, as well as
the name of the health care personnel, and the
name of the health care provider - The right to seek for a second opinion and
consultation with specialist
right to choose the health care provider and facility
- The right to refuse medical treatment or
procedures contrary to religious beliefs
- The right to avail self of any recommended
diagnostic and treatment procedures - The right to make an advance written directive
- But such right shall not be imposed by parents
upon their minor children in life threatening
situation
right to self determination
- The patient has the right to refuse treatment to
the extent permitted by law and government
regulations, and to be informed by the
consequences of his/her refusal - The right to leave hospital or any other health
care institution regardless of physical condition
right to leave or refuse treatment
- The right to be advised if the facility proposes to
engage in or perform research associated with
his/her care or treatment - The right to refuse to participate in any research
projects
right to refuse participation in medical research
- The right to communicate with relatives and
other persons - The right to receive visitors subject to
reasonable limits prescribed by the rules and
regulations of the health care institution
right to correspondence and receive visitors
- The right to express complaints and grievances
about the care and services received without
fear of discrimination or reprisal - The right to know the disposition or action taken
about the complaints
right to express grievances
- Such rights and obligations shall be posted in
bulletin boards of health care institutions - It shall be the duty of health care institutions to
inform of their rights as well as the institution’s
rules and regulations that apply to the conduct
of the patient while in the care of such
institutions.
right to be informed of rights and obligations as patients
the so-called urinary
incontinence means that you pass urine when you do
not mean to (involuntarily leaking urine). It can range
from a small dribble now and then, to large floods of
urine. Incontinence may cause you distress as well as
being a hygiene problem.
urinary elimination
occasional leaking when you
exert pressure on the bladder while coughing,
sneezing, lifting something heavy, exercising or
laughing
stress incontinence
