MCN Flashcards
Prelims
What is the Primary Goal of MCN?
-To promote and maintain optimal family health
To promote and maintain optimal family health
Goal of MCN?
To promote health for the next generation
Scope of MCN?
Preconception healthcare
* Care of women during three trimesters of pregnancy
and the puerperium (the 6 weeks after childbirth).
* Care of infants during the perinatal period (the time
span beginning at 20 weeks of pregnancy to 4 weeks
[28 days] after birth).
* Care of children from birth through late adolescence.
* Care in a variety of hospital and home care settings
Is MCN family centered? true or false?
True
Is MCN community centered? true or false?
True
Is MCN evidence based? true or false?
True
Maternal Role Attainment was founded by which theorist?
Romana Mercer
What are the Stages of Maternal Role Attainment?
1.Anticipatory
2.Formal
3.Informal
4.Personal
Ensuring high-quality prenatal care can help
expectant mothers in the Philippines prepare for their
maternal role. This includes educating them about pregnancy,
childbirth, and infant care, which aligns with the anticipatory
stage of Mercer’s theory.
Prenatal Care
: Providing support to new mothers
through community health programs can help them transition
through the formal and informal stages of maternal role
attainment. This support can include home visits by nurses,
breastfeeding support groups, and parenting classes.
Postnatal Care
Understanding and integrating cultural
practices and beliefs into maternal care can enhance the
personal stage of maternal role attainment. In the Philippines,
where family and community play a significant role, involving
extended family members in the care process can be
beneficial.
©LPD
Cultural Sensitivity
The theory is also applicable to
nontraditional mothers, such as adoptive or foster
mothers, who may need additional support to develop a
strong maternal identity. Programs tailored to these
mothers can help them bond with their children and feel
confident in their maternal role.
NonTraditional mothers
Ongoing research and
education on maternal role attainment can help
healthcare providers in the Philippines better support
mothers. Studies, such as those conducted at the
University of the Philippines, highlight the importance of
prenatal care and maternal-fetal attachment
Research and Education
Who founded the “Maternal Identity” Theory
Reva Rubin
➢ Emotional Support: Nurses can provide emotional
support to expectant mothers, helping them
navigate the psychological changes and anxieties
associated with pregnancy.
➢ Education: Educating mothers about the physical and
emotional changes during pregnancy can help them
prepare for motherhood.
Antepartum Care
➢ Labor Support: Integrating Rubin’s framework with
social support theory, nurses can offer continuous
support during labor, which has been shown to
improve labor outcomes.
➢ Empathy and Communication: Effective
communication and empathy are crucial during labor
to help mothers feel understood and supported.
Intrapartum Care
➢ Facilitating Maternal Role Attainment: Nurses can
assist new mothers in bonding with their infants and
developing confidence in their maternal role.
➢ Support Groups: Encouraging participation in
support groups can help mothers share experiences
and gain support from others in similar situations.
Postpartum Care
➢ Preterm Births: Nurses can provide specialized
support to mothers of preterm infants, helping them
navigate the unique challenges and emotional stress
associated with preterm births.
➢ Mothers of Infants with Health Issues: Tailored
support and education for mothers of infants with
anomalies or chronic illnesses can help them cope
and develop a strong maternal identity
Special Situations
Who founded the “Adaptation Model”?
Sis Calista Roy
In this mode, the goal of coping is to have a
sense of unity, meaning the purposefulness in
the universe, and a sense of identity integrity.
This includes body image and self-ideals.
Self Concept Group Identity Mode
This mode focuses on the primary, secondary,
and tertiary roles that a person occupies in
society and knowing where they stand as a
member of society
Role Function Mode
This mode focuses on attaining relational
integrity through the giving and receiving of
love, respect and value. This is achieved with
effective communication and relations.
Interdependence Mode
Physical and chemical processes
are involved in the function and
activities of living organisms.
These are the actual processes
put in motion by the regulator
subsystem.
Physiological-Physical Mode
Pediatric Nursing theory was founded by who??
Anne Cassey
emphasizes a family-centered approach to
pediatric care. The model is built on the belief
that the best care for a child is provided by
their family, with healthcare professionals
offering support and guidance.
Pediatric Nursing Theory
Human Becoming Theory was founded by which theorist
Rosemarie Rizzo Parse
is a combination of
biological, psychological, sociological, and
spiritual factors, and states that a person is a
unitary being in continuous interaction with his or
her environment.
The Human Becoming Theory
Who Founded the Environmental Theory
Florence Nightingale
Betty Neuman constructed what theory?
System Model
Theory of Unitary Human Beings Was founded by?
Martha Rogers
Modeling and Role Modeling Theory Was founded by who? and who are her co-authors?
Helen Erickson and Mary Ann Swain and Evelyn Tomlin
This nursing theory focuses on understanding
and nurturing patients based on their unique
perspectives and experiences
Modeling and Role Modeling Theory
Nursing Process Discipline Theory Was founded by who?
Ida Jean Orlando
Also known as the Deliberative Nursing Process Theory,
which emphasizes the importance of the nurse-patient
relationship and the nurse’s role in identifying and
addressing the patient’s immediate needs.
Nursing Process Discipline theory
Theory of Comfort was founded by who?
Katharine Kolcaba
Nursing is required when a
client is incapable of or limited
in the provision of continuous
effective self-care
Self Care Deficit Theory
Self Care Deficit Theory was founded by who
Dorothea Orem
Imogene King constructed what theory
Theory of Goal Attainment
Describes a dynamic interpersonal
relationship in which a person grows and
develops to attain certain life goals.
➢ Goals become the criteria for measuring
the effectiveness of nursing care
➢ Nurse and client communicate
information, set goals mutually, and then
act to attain those goals
Theory of Goal Attainment
Theory of Human Caring was founded by who
Jean Watson
- Human caring in nursing is an act and a
science in which caring is a human to
human process demonstrated through
a therapeutic interpersonal interactions
Theory of Human Caring
The United Nations (UN) and the World Health Organization (WHO) established
millennium health goals in 2000 in an effort to improve health worldwide. In an
effort to continue the work of the millennium goals, 169 sustainable development
goals (SDGs) with 17 targets were established. All UN members have agreed to
work toward these health goals by 2030 (World Health Organization, 2020).
Healthcare issues are addressed in SDG 3, to ensure healthy lives and promote
well-being for all at all ages.
Global Health Goals
– the production of
offspring (reproduction)
Procreation
h– moral
obligation of parents to have the
healthiest children through all
natural and artificial means
available
Procreative health
the union and consummation of
marriage ordered towards
procreation
Unitive and procreative health
What are the 5 Ps in CDC?
Partners
Practices
Past History of STDs
Protection from STDs
Pregnancy Plans
include observation for
normal body hair distribution,
normal genital and breast
development, and signs and
symptoms of STIs.
Physical Examination
➢Encourage women over 40 years
of age to have annual
mammogram
➢Explain reproductive physiology
to couples who wish to become
pregnant.
➢Explain to a school-aged boy that
nocturnal emissions are normal
➢Teach early adolescents about
normal anatomy and physiology,
and the process of reproduction.
➢Teach young adolescents safer
sex practices
Health Teaching
A multidimensional phenomenon
that includes feelings, attitudes,
and actions.
Sexuality
oHas both biologic and cultural
diversity components.
oEncompasses and gives direction
to a person’s physical, emotional,
social, and intellectual responses
throughout life.
Sexuality
Refers to a person’s
chromosomal sex
Gender
What forms the male chormosome?
XY
What forms the female Chromosome?
XX
✓ Refers to the inner sense a
person has on being male or
female
Gender Identity
✓ Refers to the male or female
behavior a person exhibits
Gender Role
What are the 5 phases of Sexual Response Cycle?
Desire Phase
Arousal Phase
Plateau Phase
Orgasm Phase
Resolution Phase
Responsible
Parenthood and
Reproductive
Health Act of 2012
✓RH Bill
✓Guarantees
universal access
to methods of
contraception,
fertility control,
sexual education,
and maternal
care.
RA 10354
The core responsibilities of parents to
provide the needs of the children they have
in terms of the aspects in life.
➢Refers to the will, ability, and commitment of
parents to respond to the needs and
aspirations of the family and children.
➢Act of putting the needs of the child over
self.
Responsible Parenthood
composed of
chromosomes and genes found in the
nucleus of each body cell.
Genetic Material
threadlike strands
composed of
hereditary
material known as
DNA.
Chromosomes
❑The basic physical and functional unit of
heredity
❑Small segment of DNA, composing each
chromosomes
❑Vary in size from a few hundred DNA
bases to more than 2 million bases
❑Act to make molecules of proteins
Genes
❑Deoxyribonucleic acid
❑Hereditary material
❑Nearly every body cell has the same DNA
❑Mostly located in cell nucleus
DNA
❑A variant form of a
gene
❑An alternative
form or versions of
a gene
❑Humans as diploid
organisms = 2
alleles at each
genetic locus on a
chromosome
❑1 allele is inherited
from each parent
Alleles
is the genetic makeup of an organism
Genotype
Is the morphology, properties and behavior of an organism
Phenotype
Can be determined by observing DNA by genotyping methods
Genotype
Can be determined by observing outward characters
Phenotype
Completely depends on the gene sequeces
Genotypes
Depends on the genotype and environmental factors
Phenotypes
Inherited by the offspirng
Genotype
Not inherited by the offspring
Phenotype
Consists of all hereditary information that is the expressed and suppresed genes
Genotype
Consists of expressed genes
Phenotype
▪ Genetically
determined
▪ Passed from parent to
offspring (Mendelian
Rule)
▪ Most traits not strictly
determined by genes,
but influenced by
both genes and
environment
Inherited trait
Traits passed down by
dominant and
recessive alleles of
one gene
Mendelian trait
One mutated copy of the gene in each cell is sufficient for a person to be affected by an autosomal dominant disorder.
Autosomal dominant
In autonsomal recessive inheritance, both copies of the gene in each cell have mutations. The parents of an individual with an autosomal recessive condition each carry one copy of the mutated gene, but they typically do not show signs and symptoms of the condition. Autosomal recessive disorders are typically not seen in every generation of an affected family
Autosomal recessive
Example of genetic conditions of autosomal dominant
Huntington disease
marfan syndrome
Example of genetic conditions autosomal recessive
Cystic fibrosis
Sickle cell disease
disorders are caused by mutations in genes on the X chromosome, one of the two sex chromosomes in each cell. In females
X-linked dominant
Examples of X-linked dominant of genetic conditions
Fragile X Syndrome
are also caused by mutations in genes on the X-chromosome. In males ( who have only one X chromosome), one altered copy of the gene in each is sufficient to cause the condition.
X-linked recessive
examples of X-Linked recessive genetic conditions
Hemophilia
Fabry disease
A condition is considered _______- _______ if the mutated gene that causes the disorder is located on the Y Chromosome, one of the two sex chromosomes in each of a males cells. Because only males have Y chromosome, in Y-linked inheretance, a mutation can only be passed from father to son
Y-linked
examples of genetic conditions of Y-linked
Y-chromosome infertility
Swyer syndrome (some causes)
two different versions (alleles) of a gene are expressed and each version makes a slightly different protein. Both alleles influence the genetic trait or determine the characteristics of the genetic condition
Codominant
examples of genetic conditions of codominant
ABO- blood group
Alpha-1 antirypsin defiency
also known as maternal inheritance, applies to genes in mitochondrial DNA. Mitochondrial, which are structures in each cell that convert molecules into energy, each contain a small amount of DNA. Because only egg cells contribute mitochondria to the developing embryo, only females can pass on mitochondrial mutations to their children. Conditions resulting from mutations in mitochondrial DNA can appear in every generation of a family and can affect both males and females, but fathers do not pass these disorders to their daugthers or sons
Mitochondrial
Examples of Mitochondrial Genetic Conditions
Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON)
is the process by which
organisms produce offspring by
making sex cells called gametes.
Sexual Reproduction
Male gametes are called?
Sperms
female gametes are called?
Secondary oocytes
The organs that produce gametes
are called?
gonands
what are the two organs that produces gametes?
testes and ovaries
is the production of sperms from spermatogonia
spermatogenesis
is the production of eggs from oogonia
oogenesis
occurs inside the testis in males
spermatogenesis
occurs inside the ovary in females
oogenesis
all stages occur inside the testis
spermatogenesis
all stages, except the last stage, occurs inside the ovary
oogenesis
a continous process, occuring after the puberty till death
spermatogenesis
early stages occurs during fetal period; the rest of the process occurs after the puberty until menopause
oogenesis
developed from the geminal epithelial lining of the seminiferous tubules
spermatogenesis
developed from the geminal epithelium, which overlays the ovary
oogenesis
sertoli cells are found in the germinal cell epithelium
spermatogenesis
No serotoli cells are found in the geminal cell epithelium
oogenesis
all spermatogonia are divided by meisosis, producing sperms all the times
spermatogenesis
some of the oogonia divide during the production of eggs, one at a time
oogenesis
growth phase is too short in spermatogonia
spermatogenesis
growth phase is prolonged in oogonia
oogenesis
primary spermatocyte is divided by meiosis,1, forming two secondary spermatocytes
spermatogenesis
primary oocyte is divided by meiosis,1 , forming a secondary oocyte and one polar body
oogenesis
produces motile gametes
spermatogenesis
produces non-motile gametes
oogenesis
Involves peristalsis of ducts and
contraction of prostate gland and
pelvic floor
ejaculation
Sperm cells + secretions if
seminal vesicles, bulbourethral
glands and prostate gland
* pH 7.4 →to neutralize acid pH of
vagina
semen
– small mass of erectile
tissues; anterior to urethral
surface; responds to sexual
stimulation
clitoris
– paired
folds of skin covering the vagina
and urethral openings to prevent
drying of mucous membranes
Labia majora and minora
vestibular
gland; secretes mucus to keep
vaginal mucosa moist and to
lubricate vagina during sexual
intercourse
Bartholins gland
- Alveolar glands that
produce milk after
pregnancy – enters
lactiferous ducts
that converge at
nipple
Mammary glands
-Focuses on developing strong maternal Identity
-Helps develop the mother child relationship as the infant grows
Maternal role Attainment theory
Noted the formation of maternal identity that binds the woman into the child
Maternal Identity
emphasizes a family centered approach to pediatricbcare. The Model is built on the belief that best care for a child is provided by their family, with healthcare professionals offering support and guidance
model of pediatric nursing
views patients as interconnected systems, considering physiological,psychological,sociocultural,developmental and spiritual aspects
betty neuman
-views patients as whole, indivisible beings who are integral with their evironment
-nursing is both a science and an art
Theory of Unitary human beings
this nursing theory focuses on understanding and nurturing patients based on their unique perspectives and experiences
modeling and role modeling theory
the theory emphasizes the importance of unconditional acceptance and individualized care, making it a holistic approach to nursing
model and role modeling theory
comfort as the immediate desirable outcome of nursing care
theory of comfort by katharine kolcaba
nursing is required when a patient is incapable of or limited in the provision of continous nursing care
self care deficit theory
in nursing is an act and a science which caring is a human to human process demonstrated through a therapeutic interpersonal interactions
theory of human caring
pigmented skin area around the nipple
areola
pigmented skin area around the nipple
areola
“the surroundings have the impact on the recovery process. The model operates under the assumption that adaptation should be the center of nursing and uses the concept from Helson’s research to define three main categories of stimuli ( as cited in alligood,2014)
adaptation model of nursing
- describes a dynamic interpersonal relationsgip in which a person grows and develops to attain certain life goals
- goals become the criteria for measuring the effectiveness of nursing care
- nurse and client communicate information, set goals mutually and then act to attain those goals
theory of goal attainment
this theory focuses on the dynamic, interpersonal relationship between nurses and patients, emphasizing mutual goal - setting to achieve health outcomes
goal attainment theory
this theory focuses on the dynamic, interpersonal relationship between nurses and patients, emphasizing mutual goal - setting to achieve health outcomes
goal attainment theory
emphasizes the importance of caring relationships and holistic treatment of patients.
theory of human caring
