FINALS NA YAWA Flashcards
It encompasses organized systems of beliefs,
practices, and rituals that aim to provide answers to
existential questions, such as the nature of existence,
morality, and the afterlife.
Religion
It refers to the extent to which an individual engages
with and adheres to the beliefs, practices, and rituals
of a particular religion.
religiosity
Muslims believe in the teachings of the Prophet
Muhammad and follow the Quran. They practice the Five
Pillars of Islam, which include the declaration of faith,
prayer, fasting during Ramadan, giving to charity, and
making a pilgrimage to Mecca.
Islam
It encompasses a broad range of beliefs, practices,
experiences, and perspectives that relate to the
search for meaning, purpose, and connection with
something greater than oneself
spirituality
They believe in the teachings of
Jesus Christ and follow the Bible. They practice prayer,
attending church services, participating in sacraments such as baptism and communion, and living according to
moral and ethical principles.
Christianity
Hindus believe in a variety of gods and
goddesses and follow the sacred texts such as the Vedas
and Upanishads. They practice rituals, meditation, yoga,
and engage in acts of devotion to their deities
Hinduism
follow the teachings of
Siddhartha Gautama, the Buddha. They seek
enlightenment and liberation from suffering through
practices such as meditation, mindfulness, and the
observance of ethical princip
Buddhism
Jews believe in the covenant between God
and the Jewish people. They follow the Torah and engage
in practices such as prayer, observing the Sabbath,
celebrating holidays, and participating in rituals such as
circumcision and bar/bat mitzvah.
Judaism
vary greatly across different cultures
and regions. They often involve a deep connection to
nature, ancestral spirits, and rituals to maintain harmony
with the natural world. It can be helpful for nurses to learn
basic knowledge about common religions and religious
practices as they support their patients’ beliefs
Indigenous and Traditional Beliefs
What are the COMMON RELIGIOUS BELIEFS AND PRACTICES
- BUDDHIST PATIENTS
- CATHOLIC PATIENTS
- HINDU PATIENTS
- JEHOVAH’S WITNESS PATIENTS
- JEWISH PATIENTS
- MUSLIM PATIENTS
- PENTECOSTAL PATIENTS
Nurses work with patients
from diverse backgrounds, cultures, and belief
systems. Understanding their own spiritual beliefs
helps nurses to be more culturally competent and
respectful towards the beliefs of their patients.
Cultural Competence
- By being aware of their own
spiritual beliefs and biases, nurses can provide more
patient-centered care. They can better understand
and respect the spiritual needs of their patients,
leading to improved communication and trust
between the nurse and the patient.
Patient Centered Care
Unconscious biases can impact
the quality of care provided. Nurses who are aware of
their own biases can actively work to prevent these
biases from affecting their interactions with patients,
ensuring fair and equitable treatment for all
Avoiding Prejudice
Understanding their own
spiritual beliefs can help nurses cope with the
emotional challenges of their profession. It can
provide them with a sense of purpose, resilience, and
inner strength, which are essential for providing
compassionate care to patients
Emotional Support
- Situations where individuals feel torn between their
religious or spiritual values and societal expectations,
personal desires, or professional responsibilities, can
provoke spiritual distress. This inner conflict may
erode one’s sense of integrity and moral compass.
Moral and Ethical Dilemmas
- Traumatic experiences can shatter individuals’ sense of
trust, safety, and connection with a higher power or
spiritual community.
Trauma and Abuse
Experiencing profound grief and loss.
Grief and Loss
- Chronic illness, disability, or terminal diagnosis can
profoundly impact individuals’ spiritual well-being
Illness and Disability
Social isolation, discrimination, cultural stigma, or
pressure to conform to religious or societal norms
Social and Cultural Factors
- Spiritual beliefs can
influence ethical decision-making in healthcare.
Nurses who are aware of their own beliefs can
navigate ethical dilemmas more effectively and make
decisions that align with their values and the values of
their patients
Ethical Decision Making
Individuals grappling with profound existential
questions, such as the meaning of life, death, suffering,
and the nature of existence.
Existential Questions
- A significant loss of faith in one’s religious or spiritual
beliefs.
Loss of Faith
is a complex concept that is unique to each
individual; it depends on a person’s culture, development,
life experiences, beliefs, and ideas about life.
Furthermore, spirituality is an inherent human
characteristic that exists in all people, regardless of their
religious beliefs. It gives individuals the energy needed to
discover themselves, cope with difficult situations, and
maintain health. An individual’s beliefs and expectations
often have effects on his or her physical and psychological
well-being.
Spirituality
is a spiritual assessment tool
that evaluates a patient’s sense of well-being and
spirituality using a scale of 0 to 10.
Was Scale
What does FICA stands for?
Faith and Belief
Importance of of spirituality life
Community and Support
Addressing spiritual concerns
What does SPIRIT stands for?
Spiritual beliefs and practices
Prayer or Medication
Importance of spirituality in life living
Rituals and practices
Impact of spirituality on health
Spiritual Tones
This tool assesses a
patient’s spiritual beliefs, values, and practices using a
framework that includes: Religious beliefs and practices
Spiritual beliefs and practices Meaning and purpose in life
Coping mechanisms and stress management Religious
Spiritual Assessment Tool (SAT)
Maintaining optimal
health status can reduce the risk of chronic diseases
such as heart disease, diabetes, and certain cancers.
Reduce Chronic Disease Risk
This tool assesses the patient’s religious
community and its impact on their mental health using a
framework that includes: Religious community
engagement Religious community support Conflict
between religious communities
FCAT
Adequate nutrition is
crucial for proper growth and development,
especially during childhood and adolescence. It
provides the necessary nutrients for bone growth,
organ development, and overall physical and
cognitive development.
Growth and development
A balanced diet with
appropriate portion sizes helps prevent obesity and
related health issues.
Maintain a healthy weight
- Assessing height, weight, body mass index (BMI), and
waist circumference to determine nutritional status
and growth.
Anthropometric measurements
Proteins are the building
blocks of our muscles, organs, and even hair and
nails.
Build and repair tissues
Identifying physical signs of undernutrition such as
wasting, stunting, or micronutrient deficiencies.
Clinical examination
Analyzing blood tests for deficiencies in nutrients like
iron, vitamin D, or protein.
Biochemical Markers
Evaluating dietary intake through food diaries, recall
interviews, or dietary surveys.
Dietary assessment
Evaluating physical and cognitive function to gauge
the impact of undernutrition on daily activities and
overall well-being.
Functional Assessment
Reviewing medical records and history to understand
past illnesses, hospitalizations, or nutritional
interventions.
Health History
Monitoring the incidence of diseases,
hospitalizations, or mortality rates associated with
undernutrition.
Health outcomes
Considering factors like income, access to food, and
education level, which can influence nutritional
status and health outcomes
Socioeconomic factors
Water helps our
bodies sweat, which is how we cool down
Regulating body temperature
Water helps break down food and
move it through your digestive system
Aiding digestion
Proper hydration keeps your joints
moving smoothly.
Lubricating joints
refers to a condition where an
individual’s intake of nutrients is insufficient to meet
their body’s needs, leading to deficiencies in
essential nutrients and impaired physical and mental
development. It can manifest in various forms,
including Protein-energy malnutrition, micronutrient
deficiencies, stunting, wasting, and underweight.
Undernutrition can have severe consequences on
physical and mental health, including increased
susceptibility to infections, delayed growth and
development, cognitive impairment, and even
mortality, particularly among children and vulnerable
populations
Undernutrition
- Increased susceptibility
to infections and illnesses.
Weakened Immune System
Loss of muscle
mass, leading to reduced strength and physical
performance
Muscle Wasting and Weakness
Slower recovery from
injuries and surgeries.
Delayed Wound Healing
Anemia and other deficiencies
that affect overall health and energy levels.
Nutrient Defiency
Identifying physical signs of overnutrition, such
as excessive body fat, skin changes, and joint
problems.
Physical Sign
- Testing fasting blood
glucose and HbA1c levels to diagnose and
monitor diabetes.
Blood Glucose Level
Evaluating thyroid
hormone levels to rule out hypothyroidism, which
can contribute to weight gain.
Thyroid function test
- Measuring levels of total
cholesterol, LDL (low-density lipoprotein), HDL
(high-density lipoprotein), and triglycerides to
assess cardiovascular risk.
Lipid Profile
Checking liver enzymes
(ALT, AST) to detect non-alcoholic fatty liver
disease (NAFLD).
Liver Function Test
: Having individuals record
their food and beverage intake over several days to
provide detailed information on eating habits and
portion sizes.
Dietary Logs or Diaries
is a form of malnutrition characterized
by the excessive intake of nutrients, especially
calories, fats, sugars, and sometimes proteins. This
often leads to an imbalance in nutrient consumption
and storage, resulting in overweight and obesity.
Over-nutrition is commonly associated with the
overconsumption of energy-dense, nutrient-poor
foods and a sedentary lifestyle.
Over Nutrition
Interviewing the
individual to recall all foods and beverages
consumed in the past 24 hours to estimate nutrient
intake
24 Hour Dietary Recall
Potentially high risk food
raw and cooked meat
dairy products
smallgoods
seafood
prepared salads
ready to eat foods
Using a
questionnaire to assess usual dietary intake over a
specific period (e.g., week, month).
Food Frequency Quetionnaire (FFQ)
is a condition that occurs when the body
loses more fluids than it takes in, leading to a
deficiency in the amount of water and electrolytes
necessary for normal bodily functions. This
imbalance disrupts essential processes such as
temperature regulation, waste elimination, and
cellular function.
Dehydration
