NU 735: Cardiomyopathy Flashcards
Cardiology
Cardiomyopathy : what is it? **
symptoms?
-
Cardiomyopathy is disease of **heart muscle : heart unable to pump or fill or both.
*
* Exclude: CAD, Sructural Disease, Primarry Valvular disease and severe HTN. -
Symptoms:
1. * coughing
2. Pleural Effusion (excess fluid around lungs);
3**. Ascites **(swelling in abdomen);
4. **Tiredness & SOB;
5. **Pulmonary edema: **(excess fluids in a lungs);
* Types: can be Ischemic or Nonishcemic Cardiomyopathy
Cadiomyopathy : Etiology
- Pumping action of the heart grows weaker ;
- Swelling in ankles and legs
- Symptoms occur when hear Unable to pump or fill or both
- Oxygenated blood unable to sink into systemic circulation to meet body’s demands leading to >
Decompensation
Types of Cardiomyopathy
can be:
* Ischemic or
* Nonishcemic Cardiomyopathy
type: Ischemic Cardioyopathy
Diffuse Disfunction due to multi vassals’ disease (CAD)
Type: Nonishcemic Cardiomyopathy
- Dilated :
- Restrictive
- Hypertrophic
- Stress
Hypertrophic
- Diastolic Dysfunction **
- Risk of Sudden Death in Young Athletes
- Thickened Left Ventricular Wall
Dilated
- **Most Common Type **
- Enlargement of all Cardiac Chambers
- Systolic Dysfunction
Restrictive
Diastolic Dysfunction
- Least Common
- Rigid Ventricular Walls
- **: Walls of ventricle become stiff, but not necessarily thickened. **
- Diastolic Dysfunction
RT Side HF
Causes
*** Effecting Pulmonary System (lungs) - Heart not able to Pump :
Causes: **
* Pulmonary HTN,
* Pulmonary Valvular stenosis,
* large PE,
* Rt Ventricle Hypertrophy leading to CHF
* When RT Ventricle Fails this Known as Core Pulmonary
****Core Pulonary **
Core Pulmonary Symptoms
Pressure or tightness in the chest, rather than sharp or stabbing pain.
It can sometimes resemble angina-like pain due to the strain on the right side of the heart.
Pain may become more noticeable during physical exertion or when breathing deeply.
Occasionally, the pain can be accompanied by palpitations or a sensation of heart racing or irregularity.
RT HF S/s
- JVD
- Depended Edema
- Ascites
- Liver Congestion: signs related to impaired liver function
- Anorexia, GI distress, Weight Loss
LT Side Causes
- Occurs when Left Ventricle having a problem ejecting or filling blood
- **Leading to Decrease Cardiac Output and Pulmonary Congestion **
- Decreased CO> Activity Intolerance and signs of decreased *tissue perfusion * (CO> Tissue Perfusion)
- Pulmonary Congestion Leading to >
- Impaired Gas exchange and
- Pulmonary Edema
Lead to > Impaired gas exchange **> cyanosis and signs of hypoxia (Pulmonary Congestion. > PUlmonary edema)
Left Side HF : S/s
> Pulmonary edema> Orthopnea> cough with frothy sputum > Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea.
Normal Heart: Systolic and Diastole
Normal Heart: Filling
**(Diastole) **> Ventricles Relaxes and expand to fill with blood
*** Pumping (Systole) **> Ventricles contract and pump out b/w 50% and 60% of the blood
Systolic HF (HFrEF)
- **Weak Squaz **
- Enlarged ventricle fill with blood;
- Stretched ventricles are weaker,
- Pumping out less blood than normal
Systolic HF (HFrEF): reserve HF
- EF <50%
- Heart Fails to Pump
-
Left ventricle looses it’s ability to contract normally
Leading to heart cannot pump with enough force to pushing blood into systemic circulation
***** Cause **
* CAD (Most common )
* Cardiomyopathy: NiCM (DCM; )
* HTN
* AMI
* COPD
* Endocrine Disease : DM Hyperthyroidism
* Arrhythmias
* Valvular Disease: Aortic Stenosis , Mitral Regurgitatin
Diastolic (HFpEF): Preserve EF
- Preserve EF but Ventricle Stiff so cannot fill the way it needs to
- EF WNL
- Heart Fails to fill
Thickened and stiff ventricle fill with blood less than normal ;
Thickened Ventricles contract normally
However, have less blood to pump out
HFpEF/ CAuses
- CHronic HTN
- NICM
- Aotic Stenosis
- Obesity
- Afib
- Pericarditis
- CKD