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nsci100 > nsci100 exam 1 practice quizzes > Flashcards

nsci100 exam 1 practice quizzes Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following can be done WITHOUT the involvement of the cortex?
a. putting on a sweater
b. recognizing someone’s face
c. playing the piano
d. drinking a glass of water
e. release of hormones to prevent dehydration

A

release of hormones to prevent dehydration

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2
Q

The dorsal roots of the spinal cord carry information related to
a. motivation
b. somatosensation
c. hearing
d. motor commands

A

somatosensation

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3
Q

Which of the following is NOT true about CSF?
a. it helps to protect the brain by cushioning it
b. it normally has a specific chemical composition important for maintaining neuronal health
c. The same CSF continually recirculates, rather than any new CSF being produced
d. it can be found in chambers known as ventricles

A

The same CSF continually recirculates, rather than any new CSF being produced

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4
Q

Which of the following is a correct match between cortical lobe & function?
a. frontal lobe and hearing
b. occipital lobe and motor control
c. frontal lobe and touch sensation
d. frontal lobe and motor control

A

frontal lobe and motor control

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5
Q

the thalamus is part of the
a. diencephalon
b. brainstem
c. basal ganglia
d. spinal cord
e. telencephalon

A

diencephalon

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6
Q

The cranial nerves are different from the spinal nerves in that
a. only cranial nerves have motor functions
b. only spinal nerves carry touch information
c. only the cranial nerves carry information for all five senses
d. only spinal nerves have motor functions

A

only the cranial nerves carry information for all five senses

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7
Q

The best term to describe the part of the spinal cord that is closest to a person’s back is
a. rostral
b. dorsal
c. ventral
d. anterior

A

dorsal

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8
Q

Activation of the sympathetic nervous system causes
a. muscles to contract
b. increased heart rate
c. constriction of the pupil
d. salivation

A

increased heart rate

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9
Q

Which part of the brain is especially important for long-range planning, directing attention, and guiding decision making?
a. meninges
b. hypothalamus
c. prefrontal cortex
d. basal ganglia

A

prefrontal cortex

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10
Q

Which of the following is true regarding myelin?
a. it increases the length of neurons
b. it is not found at the nodes of Ranvier
c. it is produced by microglia
d. it decreases the conduction velocity of neurons

A

it is not found at the nodes of ranvier

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11
Q

The field of phrenology was correct about the fact that
a. a particular brain area always performs the same function in all individuals
b. different parts of the brain perform different functions
c. every part of the brain is similar to every other part in terms of function
d. an individual’s personality can be determined by feeling the “bumps” on their skull

A

different parts of the brain perform different functions

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12
Q

Which of the following functions is performed by astrocytes?
a. regulating blood flow in the brain
b. increasing the velocity of action potentials
c. detecting bacterial infections in the brain
d. firing action potentials

A

regulating blood flow in the brain

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13
Q

Which of the following is the most important for picking up an object?
a. parietal lobe of cortex
b. hypothalamus
c. medulla
d. pons

A

parietal lobe of cortex

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14
Q

The general function of the hypothalamus is to
a. relay motor commands to the cortex
b. cause contractions in skeletal muscle
c. process visual information
d. maintain constant conditions inside the body

A

maintain constant conditions inside the body

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15
Q

Which of the following is NOT part of the limbic system?
a. nucleus accumbens
b. amygdala
c. midbrain
d. hippocampus

A

midbrain

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16
Q

Neurons transmit information based on
a. their rate of firing action potentials
b. their temperature
c. their diameter
d. the maximum size of the action potentials

A

their rate of firing action potentials

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17
Q

Damage to the ventral root of the spinal cord in a person would cause them to have difficulty
a. feeling textures using the sense of touch
b. reading
c. moving their body
d. in a task of working memory

A

moving their body

18
Q

Which of the following is NOT a real difference between ionotropic and metabotropic neurotransmitter receptors?
a. whether they are G-protein-coupled
b. how long it takes for them to exert an effect
c. whether they can bind acetylcholine
d. whether ions pass through the receptor protein itself

A

whether they can bind acetylcholine

19
Q

Which ion is essential for allowing vesicles at the axon terminal to fuse with the cell membrane and release neurotransmitter?
a. potassium
b. chloride
c. calcium
d. sodium

A

calcium

20
Q

The membrane potential of a particular location along an axon
a. changes over time
b. is always at zero
c. is always at -50 mV
d. is always at +50
e. is always at -70 mV

A

changes over time

21
Q

During an action potential, potassium ions leaving a neuron cause its membrane potential to
a. disappear
b. become more positive
c. increase
d. depolarize
e. repolarize

A

repolarize

22
Q

During an action potential, an individual potassium ion might
a. travel from the cell’s dendrites to its axon
b. move from the inside of the cell’s axon to the outside
c. change its charge from positive to negative
d. travel from one end of the axon to the other

A

move from the inside of the cell’s axon to the outside

23
Q

The use of G-proteins by a post-synaptic neurotransmitter receptor, relative to the use of an ionotropic receptor, has the advantage of
a. acting more quickly
b. having fewer steps involved
c. amplifying a small signal
d. opening potassium rather than sodium channels

A

amplifying a small signal

24
Q

Which of the following happens FIRST during an action potential?
a. sodium channels open
b. sodium enters the cell
c. the membrane potential at the start of the axon reaches threshold (-50 mV)
d. potassium leaves the cell
e. potassium channels open

A

the membrane potential at the start of the axon reaches threshold (-50 mV)

25
Q

We are able to distinguish weak versus strong stimuli based on
a. the color of neurons
b. the rate of firing of neurons
c. the movement of special fluid inside of neurons
d. the size of action potentials

A

the rate of firing of neurons

26
Q

Which neurotransmitter is especially important for movement, pleasure, and reward?
a. serotonin
b. norepinephrine
c. dopamine
d. curare

A

dopamine

27
Q

Syntaxin, SNAP-25, and synaptotagmin play import roles in
a. neurotransmitter synthesis
b. neurotransmitter reuptake
c. fusion of neurotransmitter vesicles with the cell membrane
d. degradation of neurotransmitter

A

fusion of neurotransmitter vesicles with the cell membrane

28
Q

Which of the following ions has a negative charge?
a. sodium
b. chloride
c. calcium
d. potassium

A

chloride

29
Q

During an action potential
a. the axon remains at its resting potential
b. the myelin and Nodes of Ranvier both slide along the axon from the start to its end, but the Nodes travel more slowly
c. individual sodium ions move from the start of the axon to its end
d. a spreading wave of depolarization goes from the start of an axon to its end

A

a spreading wave of depolarization goes from the start of an axon to its end

30
Q

Tetrodotoxin can paralyze someone because it
a. inhibits the sodium/potassium pump
b. blocks voltage-gated sodium channels involved in action potentials
c. affects the somatic but not autonomic nervous system
d. causes potassium channels to switch from the inactivated to closed state

A

blocks voltage-gated sodium channels involved in action potentials

31
Q

Voltage-gated sodium channels at the start of an axon are triggered to open by the membrane potential
a. disappearing completely
b. reaching exactly zero
c. becoming more positive
d. reaching -80 mV

A

becoming more positive

32
Q

Which of the following is a way in which the dendrites and axon of a neuron are similar?
a. both are sometimes wrapped in myelin
b. both involve transmission of electrical signals toward the cell body
c. electrical signals are transmitted in an all-or-none fashion for both
d. both can sometimes have their membrane potential go from -70 mV to -60 mV

A

both can sometimes have their membrane potential go from -70 mV to -60 mV

33
Q

Which of the following is NOT an important factor in determining whether binding of neurotransmitter to a post-synaptic receptor will make the post-synaptic cell fire an action potential?
a. the timing of the transmitter release and whether neurotransmitter was released a short time previously
b. how much of the neurotransmitter’s precursor is present
c. how close the post-synaptic receptor is to its cell’s axon
d. how MANY ions channels are opened in the post-synaptic membrane
e. which KIND of ion channels are opened in the post-synaptic membrane

A

how much of the neurotransmitter’s precursor is present

34
Q

IPSPs occurring in a neuron’s dendrites
a. are always the same size
b. get larger as they travel
c. involve a depolarization of the membrane potential
d. are due to potassium ions entering the cell
e. make it less likely that the neuron will fire an action potential

A

make it less likely that the neuron will fire an action potential

35
Q

At a certain moment in time a presynaptic cell starts to release fewer molecules of inhibitory neurotransmitter than normal. As a result
a. the presynaptic cell will switch from being inhibitory to excitatory
b. the postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptors will switch from being ionotropic to metabotropic
c. the postsynaptic cell will be likely to decrease its firing rate
d. the postsynaptic cell will be likely to increase its firing rate

A

the postsynaptic cell will be likely to increase its firing rate

36
Q

both dendrites and axons
a. contain neurotransmitter receptors
b. can be more than 2 feet long
c. cannot have their membrane potential become more positive than zero
d. have a resting membrane potential of -70 mV
e. are covered in myelin

A

have a resting membrane potential of -70 mV

37
Q

Which of the following is shared by flies, rats, and humans?
a. liking to eat saccharin
b. liking to eat sugars
c. liking to eat aspartame
d. using the proteins T1R2 and T1R3 to detect sweeteners

A

liking to eat sugars

38
Q

Conducting an in vitro experiment offers
a. large control over variables and high ability to predict therapeutic potential
b. large control over variables and low ability to predict therapeutic potential
c. little control over variables and high ability to predict therapeutic potential
d. little control over variables and low ability to predict therapeutic potential

A

large control over variables and low ability to predict therapeutic potential

39
Q

Diffuser tensor imaging (DTI) technology is useful because it allows visualization of
a. individual proteins within a cell
b. action potentials
c. dendrites
d. axons

A

axons

40
Q

Which of the following methods is the most invasive?
a. transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)
b. EEG
c. fMRI
d. optogenetics

A

optogenetics

41
Q

PET scanning might be used instead of fMRI in order to
a. distinguish fibers of passage from cell bodies
b. determine the number of available dopamine receptors in a particular brain area
c. provide higher spatial resolution
d. determine whether neurons are firing in burst patterns

A

determine the number of available dopamine receptors in a particular brain area

42
Q

An experimenter is interested in determining whether or not neurons in the nucleus accumbens become more active when a heroin addict looks at pictures of syringes and other heroin-related paraphernalia. The best method to use would be
a. TMS
b. fMRI
c. DTI
d. CT

A

fMRI

nsci100 (5 decks)

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