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nsci100 > nsci exam 3 practice quizzes > Flashcards

nsci exam 3 practice quizzes Flashcards

1
Q

The EEG recording for a person in REM sleep is most similar to that of a person who is
a. in stage 2 of non-REM sleep
b. in stage 4 of non-REM sleep
c. in stage 3 of non-REM sleep
d. awake

A

d. awake

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2
Q

Which of the following is NOT usually found during REM sleep?
a. saccadic eye movements
b. muscle twitches
c. sustained decreases in heart rate and blood pressure
d. dreaming

A

c. sustained decreases in heart rate and blood pressure

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3
Q

In the absence of light or other external cues about the time of day, our daily rhythms
a. disappear completely
b. tend to occur on a longer cycle of about 25 hours
c. switch to a 12-hour long cycle
d. maintain their regular 24-hour cycle

A

b. tend to occur on a longer cycle of about 25 hours

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4
Q

Which of the following brain areas does NOT tend to promote waking?
a. ventral lateral preoptic area
b. locus coeruleus
c. raphe nuclei
d. lateral hypothalamus

A

a. ventral lateral preoptic area

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5
Q

Which of the following drugs would be the most likely to cause someone to fall asleep?
a. one that causes less firing of neurons in the ventral lateral preoptic area
b. one that blocks the action of histamine in the brain
c. one that enhances the activity of epinephrine
d. one that produces melatonin levels similar to what is found in the morning

A

b. one that blocks the action of histamine in the brain

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6
Q

Which of the following is an area in the brainstem that receives projections from the retina?
a. pineal gland
b. superior colliculus
c. lateral geniculate
d. suprachiasmatic nucleus

A

b. superior colliculus

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7
Q

Which of the following is NOT necessary for the monosynaptic reflex that causes a muscle to contract when it is stretched?
a. neurons that carry information about muscle length
b. alpha motor neurons
c. muscle spindles
d. primary motor cortex

A

d. primary motor cortex

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8
Q

During the execution of a voluntary movement, which of the following is involved the latest in the sequence of events?
a. premotor cortex
b. ventral horn of the spinal cord
c. primary motor cortex
d. basal ganglia

A

b. ventral horn of the spinal cord

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9
Q

Damage to the cerebellum might cause
a. difficulty initating movements
b. “pill-rolling” hand movements
c. paralysis of the left leg
d. clumsy and uncoordinated movements

A

d. clumsy and uncoordinated movements

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10
Q

Which cortical lobe is most important for planning and organizing complex movements?
a. occipital
b. frontal
c. temporal
d. parietal

A

frontal

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11
Q

Parkinson’s disease usually involves a loss of neurons that have their cell bodies in the
a. substantia nigra
b. locus coeruleus
c. caudate and putamen
d. subthalamic nucleus

A

a. substantia nigra

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12
Q

The basal ganglia and cerebellum are similar in that they both
a. send outputs to the spinal cord
b. receive direct inputs from the spinal cord
c. are essential for making movements smooth as they are on-going
d. receive input from cortex

A

d. receive input from cortex

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13
Q

L-DOPA is a useful treatment for Parkinson’s because
a. it blocks reuptake of dopamine
b. it inhibits action of the nigrostriatal pathway
c. it is the precursor to dopamine
d. it acts as an agonist at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors

A

c. it is the precursor to dopamine

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14
Q

Which of the following is most important for the initiation of goal-directed movement?
a. reticular formation
b. cerebellum
c. muscle spindles
d. basal ganglia

A

d. basal ganglia

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15
Q

Huntington’s disease
a. has only a small genetic component
b. tends to appear after age 60
c. involves slow movements and difficulty initiating movements
d. involves the loss of cells in the striatum

A

d. involves the loss of cells in the striatum

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16
Q

M1 does NOT get input from
a. primary somatosensory cortex
b. the spinal cord
c. the basal ganglia
d. premotor cortex

A

b. the spinal cord

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17
Q

Movement of muscles in the face and movement of muscles in the body BOTH
a. require the release of acetylcholine by alpha motor neurons that have their cell bodies in the spinal cord
b. involve commands that originate from the part of M1 that is closest to the brain’s midline
c. involve a chain of two neurons starting in the precentral gyrus
d. are carried out through cranial nerves

A

c. involve a chain of two neurons starting in the precentral gyrus

18
Q

The reticular formation is NOT important for
a. chewing
b. reaching out to grab an object
c. breathing
d. walking

A

b. reaching out to grab an object

19
Q

Which of the following structures is NOT part of the limbic system?
a. nucleus accumbens
b. amygdala
c. cochlea
d. hippocampus

A

c. cochlea

20
Q

The amygdala does NOT receive input from the
a. prefrontal cortex
b. hippocampus
c. thalamus
d. retina

A

d. retina

21
Q

Someone with damage to the amygdala would be likely to
a. be violent
b. be disgusted by more things than the average person
c. not show fear in appropriate situations
d. be extremely clumsy

A

c. not show fear in appropriate situations

22
Q

Which of the following occurs the latest during a fear response?
a. the PVN releases a factor that acts on the pituitary
b. the amygdala projects to the PVN of the hypothalamus
c. the adrenal gland releases cortisol
d. the pituitary releases ACTH into the blood

A

c. the adrenal gland releases cortisol

23
Q

The neurotransmitter released by VTA neurons into the nucleus accumbens is
a. morphine
b. dopamine
c. serotonin
d. acetylcholine

A

b. dopamine

24
Q

Which of the following is NOT involved in some kind of memory function?
a. hippocampus
b. basal ganglia
c. amygdala
d. striate cortex

A

d. striate cortex

25
Q

What effect does cocaine have on the nucleus accumbens?
a. it prevents the breakdown of dopamine in the synaptic cleft in the nucleus accumbens
b. it blocks the re-uptake of dopamine by the cells that release it onto nucleus accumbens cells
c. it prevents the release of dopamine by pre-synaptic neurons that terminate in the nucleus accumbens
d. it blocks the dopamine receptors found on nucleus accumbens cells

A

b. it blocks the re-uptake of dopamine by the cells that release it onto nucleus accumbens cells

26
Q

People in France and Canada have different ratings of the odor of wintergreen. This is likely related to
a. their levels of adenosine
b. their density of fungiform papillae
c. whether they have previously encountered that odor in candy or in medicine
d. their gene sequences for olfactory receptor proteins

A

c. whether they have previously encountered that odor in candy or in medicine

27
Q

If two people have different sequences of the proteins TIM and PER, then they would be likely to differ on
a. what time they go to bed each night
b. how sensitive they are to the effects of caffeine
c. how high their maximum body temperature is each day
d. how much they like sour foods

A

a. what time they go to bed each night

28
Q

Which of the following people should have the greatest difficulty entering their PIN at an ATM?
a. a person with bilateral damage to the amygdala
b. a person with myasthenia gravis
c. a person with Parkinson’s
d. someone with damage to their pituitary

A

c. a person with Parkinson’s

29
Q

Which of the following tends to increase over time as someone gets addicted to heroin?
a. the amount of pain immediately following taking it
b. the amount of morphine drip that would be effective in treating them if they become injured and go to the hospital
c. the number of dopamine receptors in the nucleus accumbens
d. the amount of dopamine released in the nucleus accumbens after taking it
e. the amount of pleasure that is felt after taking a certain amount of the drug

A

b. the amount of morphine drip that would be effective in treating them if they become injured and go to the hospital

30
Q

The hippocampus and amygdala both
a. receive dopaminergic neurons from the ventral tegmental area
b. are involved in consolidation of declarative memory
c. help to individualize people based on their different past experiences
d. are essential for creating feelings of disgust based on prior experience

A

c. help to individualize people based on their different past experiences

31
Q

Which of the following does NOT involve the release of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens?
a. social contact
b. goal-directed movement
c. using cocaine
d. listening to pleasant music
e. tasting sugar

A

b. goal-directed movement

32
Q

Which of the following is a correct match between region where alcohol binds & consequence that results from that binding?
a. subfornical organ & loss of breathing
b. prefrontal cortex & removal of behavioral inhibitions
c. primary motor cortex & uncoordinated movements
d. amygdala & inability to remember events that occurred during drinking

A

b. prefrontal cortex & removal of behavioral inhibitions

33
Q

Which of the following is the LEAST likely to change across a period of months as an addictive drug is used repeatedly?
a. the kind of molecule that is the site of action of the drug
b. the locations and objects that cause release of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens
c. the number of neurotransmitter receptors that are present in the synapses where the drug acts
d. the reactions that occur when abstaining from the drug
e. the amount of pleasure derived from consuming the drug

A

a. the kind of molecule that is the site of action of the drug

34
Q

Which of the following events occurs the LATEST in long-term potentiation (LTP)?
a. entry of sodium into the post-synaptic cell
b. entry of calcium into the post-synaptic cell
c. binding of glutamate to AMPA receptors
d. depolarization of the post-synaptic membrane
e. release of glutamate from the pre-synaptic terminal

A

b. entry of calcium into the post-synaptic cell

35
Q

Which of the following does NOT contain NMDA receptors?
a. posterior pituitary gland
b. hippocampus
c. amygdala
d. ventral tegmental area

A

a. posterior pituitary gland

36
Q

Action potentials involve
a. potassium entering a neuron’s axon
b. calcium entering a neuron’s dendrites
c. chloride leaving a neuron’s axon
d. sodium entering a neuron’s axon

A

d. sodium entering a neuron’s axon

37
Q

In general, learning involves
a. the appearance of new neurons in many different brain areas
b. the release of a new neurotransmitter that did not exist before the learning took place
c. the strengthening of synapses that already exist
d. the same part of the brain, regardless of what kind of learning takes place
e. the creation of new memory units that can be isolated and removed from cells

A

c. the strengthening of synapses that already exist

38
Q

Synapses might be strengthened following LTP due to
a. the formation of new dendritic spines
b. a decrease in the number of post-synaptic receptors
c. a decrease in the amount of neurotransmitter released
d. a change in the kind of neurotransmitter released

A

a. the formation of new dendritic spines

39
Q

The caudate is NOT important for
a. formation of new declarative memories
b. initiation of movement
c. allowing behaviors that are repeated and become habitual
d. learning the correct sequence in which to make a series of movements

A

a. formation of new declarative memories

40
Q

The amygdala, hippocampus, and ventral tegmental area are similar in that
a. they all contain NMDA receptors
b. none of them are part of the limbic system
c. they all are important for creating feelings of pleasure
d. they are all found in the brainstem

A

a. they all contain NMDA receptors

41
Q

Long term potentiation depends on glutamate being released onto what kind of neurotransmitter receptor?
a. serotonergic
b. NMDA
c. muscarinic
d. nicotinic

A

NMDA

42
Q

Classical conditioning, unlike instrumental conditioning, involves
a. an unlearned and unconditioned response to start with
b. avoiding behaviors that have been punished in the past
c. repeating behaviors that have been rewarded in the past
d. activation of the basal ganglia

A

a. an unlearned and unconditioned response to start with

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