NS developmental abnormalities

Question 1

What causes holoprosencephaly? What is the gross lesion?

Answer 1

Genetic
Veratrum calfornicum ingestion @ day 14 gestation

cyclopia

Question 2

What causes hydranencephaly or porencephaly?

Answer 2

Akabane virus
Bluetongue virus
Border disease virus
BVDV
Ovine copper deficiency

Question 3

What are 2 major mechanisms of hydroencephaly?

Answer 3

1. Obstruction of outflow (usually mesencephalic aqueduct)
   - in utero injury followed by viral infection
2. Decreased absorption

Question 4

What is hydromyelia? Syringomyelia?

Answer 4

Hydromyelia – dilation of central canal of spinal cord

Syringomyelia - tubular cavitation or cyst in spinal cord

Question 5

What may cause cerebellar hypoplasia or dysplasia?

Answer 5

Canine parvovirus
Feline panleukopenia (FPV)
BVD virus
Classic swine fever virus

Question 6

What causes menigocele or meningoencephalocele?

Answer 6

Hereditary in pigs and cats

Griseofulvin tx in cats (week 1 of gestation)

Question 7

What are meningoceles and meningomyeloceles commonly associated with in English bulldogs and manx cats?

Answer 7

Spina bifida (meninges exposed from fusion failure of dorsal vertebral arches in lower vertebrae)