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neuroscience > NS 9 and 10 > Flashcards

NS 9 and 10 Flashcards

1
Q

define touch

A

the sensory experience when mechanoreceptors are excited

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2
Q

define mechanoreception

A

detection of mechanical stimuli

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3
Q

define exteroception

A

give information about things coming into contact with the body

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4
Q

define proprioception

A

awareness of position

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5
Q

mechanoreceptors and PDL mechanorecepors are what type of receptors?

A

exteroceptors

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6
Q

list the proprioceptors

A
  • PDL mechanoreceptors
  • muscle spindles
  • joint receptors
  • golgi tendon organs
  • inner ear
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7
Q

what do the oro-facial mechanoreceptors in the mucosa detect?

A

food texture etc

it is important for mastication

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8
Q

the PDL mechnoreceptor is there for the…

A

forces on teeth

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9
Q

what do muscle spindles detect?

A

muscle length

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10
Q

what do joint receptors detect?

A

joint position and movement

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11
Q

what is the effect of stimulation of mechanoreceptors?

A
  • sensation of touch
  • reflexes ;
  • jaw muscle reflex and salivary reflex - chewing gum
  • interact/modulate other sensory modalities ie the effect of rubbing a painful area
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12
Q

rapidly adapting stimulus

A

few action potentials

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13
Q

slow adapting stimulus

A

many action potentials

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14
Q

what is the receptive field?

A

the area/space where a stimulus will affect the receptor

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15
Q

what is RA I and RA II?

A
  • RA I = rapid adaptive, small receptive field

- RA II = rapid adaptive and large receptive field

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16
Q

What is SA I and SA II?

A
  • SA I = slowly adapting and small receptive field

- SA II = slowly adapting and large receptive field

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17
Q

the meissner corpuscles belongs to which receptors?

A

RA I

18
Q

List the features of the meissner corpuscles

A 
small receptive field
low threshold 
present in:
- oral mucosa
- vermilion border 
hard palate
19
Q

name an RA II receptor?

A

pacinian corpuscle

20
Q

features of the Pacinian corpuscles

A
  • deep in mucosa
  • large receptive field
  • very low threshold
  • rare in oral mucosa
21
Q

name an SA I receptor

A

merkel cell

22
Q

how low is the threshold in merkel cells?

A

as low as 1mg

23
Q

where are merkel cells present?

A

tongue, lips and cheeks

24
Q

raffini endings are which type of receptors?

A

SA II

25
Q

features of the SA II receptors

A 
deep 
large RF
respond to tension 
low threshold 
PDL
26
Q

what happens in transduction?

A
  • mechanical energy –> electrical energy
  • stimulus causes depolarisation
  • if reaches threshold –> action potential
27
Q

what type of fibres is present in the parent axon?

A

A - beta large myelinated fibres - fast (33-75 m/s)

28
Q

what is the touch threshold of lips and oral mucosa?

A

10 mg

29
Q

what is the touch threshold of teeth?

A

0.01N

30
Q

The PDLM is an important ‘‘sensory’’ organ, which roles does it play?

A

exteroceptive and proprioceptive

31
Q

what is the nerve endings of the PDLM?

A

ruffini

32
Q

what are the afferents of the PDLMs?

A

A-beta axons and they have around 300 per tooth

33
Q

list the cell bodies of the PDLMs

A
  • V ganglion

- mesencephalic nucleus

34
Q

how were animals used to study PDLM properties?

A
  • cat canine preparation
  • localise individual receptors
  • single fibre recordings
35
Q

how were humans used to study PDLM properties?

A
  • recordings from inferior alveolar nerve

- discrete forces applied to teeth

36
Q

how is pain with in the pdls easy to localise?

A

no branched axons between adjacent teeth

innervation density is higher at apex

37
Q

list properties of the PDLM

A

amount of PDLM activity depends on:

  • direction of applied force
  • magnitude of force
  • adaptation properties
  • threshold of the receptors
  • position of receptors in PDL
38
Q

PDLM properties: if you have the same receptor then why is there a difference in properties?

A
  • linked to position of fulcrum

- smaller stimulus nearer the fulcrum

39
Q

tooth movement of how much results in a reflex effect in masseter muscle

A

8.5 microns

40
Q

describe the sensory pathway

A

stage 1 : mechanoreception

  • transduction of stimulus
  • propagation along primary afferent nerve

stage 2: processing at first synapse - trigeminal nuclei

stage 3 : processing in thalamus

stage 4: conscious perception

41
Q

in trigeminal pathways where would the fibres synapse?

A
  • mainly in main sensory nucleus

- can project to spinal V nuclei as well

neuroscience (23 decks)

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