November mock prep- topic 2 Flashcards
what kind of image does a transmission EM produce?
photomicrograph
name the main difference between the samples needed when using electron microscopes
scanning electron microscopes do not need thin samples
what are viruses?
acellular(no cell structure)
akaryotes(non living)
describe the structure of viruses
capsid
attachment proteins
genetic material
what surrounds prokaryotic cells?
capsule
what are the functions of vacuoles?
acts as a food store
structural support for herbaceous plants
function of nucleolus
assembles ribosomes
function of rough endoplasmic reticulum
synthesis of proteins and glycoproteins
structure and function of mitochondria
matrix-contains proteins, lipids, ribosomes and DNA
cristae-attachment of enzymes and proteins
function of lysosomes
autolysis
release enzymes
digest worn out organelles
function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum
transportation and synthesis of lipids and carbohydrates
function of the golgi apparatus
modifies lipids and proteins
what happens during interphase?
DNA replicates
chromosomes visible
what happens during prophase?
nuclear envelope disintegrates
nucleolus disappears
what happens during metaphase?
spindle fibres form
chromosomes line up
what happens during anaphase?
chromosomes pulled to opposite poles
spindle fibres contract
what happens during telophase?
cytoplasm and cell membrane splits
spindles disintegrate
nucleolus and nuclear envelope reform
explain the process of virus replication
attaches to host cell via attachment proteins
nucleic acid injected which provides instructions to create viral components, nucleic acid etc.
new virus is assembled
what type of molecules can pass through the phospholipid bilayer?
lipid-soluble molecules