November mock prep- topic 1 Flashcards
what are monomers?
repeating units that make up larger molecules
what are polymers?
large molecule made up of many monomers
what glycosidic bonds are in cellulose?
1-4
what do layers of beta glucose chains form?
fibrils or microfibrils which are held together by hydrogen bonds
describe the difference between amylose and amylopectin
amylose- unbranched, 1-4
amylopectin- branched, 1-4/1-6
both compact and insoluble
what glycosidic bonds are in glycogen?
1-4/1-6
how do you test for reducing sugars?
add HCl
heat
add sodium hydrogen carbonate
add benedicts reagent
heat
look for colour change like normal
what are the roles of lipids?
insulation
protection
structural
energy source
what is an amino acid?
the monomer of a protein
what is a functional protein?
protein with one or more polypeptide
what are enzymes?
large globular proteins
why does pH change cause enzymes to denature?
changes the charge leading to a change in the amino acid
what are purine and pyrimidine bases?
purine bases are adenine and thymine, they contain two rings and 2H bonds.
pyrimidine bases are cytosine and guanine, they contain one ring and 3H bonds
what two enzymes are used in semi-conservative replication and what are there functions?
DNA Helicase- used to break hydrogen bonds between bases in order to form two template strands
DNA Polymerase- form phosphodiester bonds between nucleotides to make the backbone of the DNA strand
what are the enzymes are used in the atp/ adp conversions?
ATP hydrolase- hydrolysis of ATP
ATP synthase- condensation of ADP and Phosphate group
