Nouns Flashcards
Nominative Subject
The subject of a verb is in the nominative case.
Nominative Predicate
A noun used with a linking verb to define or identify the subject is also in the nominative case.
A verb of making, naming, or choosing when it is in the passive voice may take a predicate nominative.
Genitive of Posession
One of the uses of the genitive case is to show possession.
Objective Genitive
The genitive is used to designate the object toward which feeling or action is directed.
The genitive is also used with verbs of remembering and forgetting.
Partitive Genitive
The genitive is used to denote the whole of which part is taken.
It is also often used with a comparative or superlative.
Words commonly used with a partitive genitive:
pars = part plus = more satis = enough nihil = nothing, no aliquid = something, some, anything, any
Mille
Indeclinable adjective meaning “a thousand”
Milia
Neuter noun used for any number of thousands above 1000. It is used with the partitive genitive.
Partitive expressed by ex or de with the ablative:
pauci, -ae, -a = a few (of) quidam, quaedam, quoddam = certain (of) cardinal numbers (of) If there is no partitive idea, the above words are used as agreeing adjectives.
What are the respective meanings of the adjectives: omnis, reliquus, summus, medius, and extremus? What is special about them?
omnis, -e = all, all of reliquus, -a, -um = rest of summus, -a, -um = top of medius, -a, -um = middle of extremus, -a, -um = end of They are agreeing adjectives and are NOT followed by a genitive.
Genitive of Description
Quality may be denoted by the genitive. It must have an agreeing adjective.
Genitive of Measure
Definite measurements, using numbers, are expressed by the genitive.
Dative of Indirect Object
With verbs of giving, showing, telling, handing over and selling, the dative indicates to whom given, shown, told, etc.
Dative of Reference
The dative is used to denote the person to whom an act or state refers or whom it concerns.
Dative with Adjectives
Adjectives denoting likeness, nearness, fitness, friendliness, and their opposites take the dative case.
Dative of Possessor,
The dative is used with the verb sum to show possession. The possessor is put into the dative. The thing possessed is the subject of the verb “to be” and is in the nominative.
Dative of Purpose
The dative of a few nouns is used to show what the noun serves as, its purpose, or its result.
Words commonly used with Dative of Purpose:
auxilio = help, aid, advantage curae = care impedimento = hindrance praesidio = guard, protection subsidio = reinforcement usui = use, advantage
Double Dative
The dative of purpose is usually coupled with a dative of reference. This construction is called double dative. The verb “to be” (sum) is used.
Dative of Agent
With a passive periphrastic, agency is expressed by the dative case rather than by the Ablative of Personal Agent.
What are some common compound words used with the dative?
appropinquo = approach desum = fail bellum inferno = make war on occurro = meet, run to meet praecipio = instruct praeficio = put (acc) in command of (dat) praesum = be in command/charge of
Dative with Special Verbs
credo = believe faveo = favour placeo = please confido = trust impero = command pareo = obey ignosco = pardon persuadeo = persuade resisto = resist servio = serve parco = spare noceo = harm invideo = envy minor = threaten
Accusative Direct Object
One of the uses of accusative case is to indicate the direct object of the verb
Accusative Place to which
The accusative is used with the prepositions “ad”, “in”, and “sub” to answer the question “Where to?”
Accusative Predicate
A verb of making, naming, or choosing may take, in addition to its direct object, a second accusative.
Accusative Extent of Space
The accusative, without a preposition, is used to answer the question “How far?”
Accusative Duration of Time
The accusative, without a preposition, is used to answer the question “How long?”
Accusative Subject
The accusative is used as the subject of an infinitive in indirect statement.
List the prepositions used with the Ablative Case
a, ab, de, ex, e, pro, in, sub, cum, sine, prae
List the Locative Case Endings for 1st, 2nd, and 3rd declensions
1st sg: -ae 1st pl: -is 2nd sg: -i 2nd pl: -is 3rd sg: -i (e) 3rd pl: -ibus
What happens with Place Constructions involving names of cities, towns, “domus”, and “rus”?
All prepositions are omitted.
Construction for Place From
Regular: ab, ex, or de with the Ablative
Names of cities, towns, “domus” and “rus”: Ablative
Construction for Place To
Regular: ad or in with the Accusative
Names of cities, towns, “domus” and “rus”: Accusative
Construction for Place Where
Regular: in with the Ablative
Names of cities, towns, “domus” and “rus”: Locative
Ablative Place Where
The ablative is used with the prepositions in and sub to answer the question “Where (at)?”
Ablative Place From Which
The ablative is used with the prepositions a (ab), de, and e (ex) to answer the question “Where from?”
Ablative Place From Which (Partitive)
The Partitive Ablative of Place From Which is used with cardinal numbers.
Ablative of Accompaniment
The ablative is used with the preposition cum to indicate accompaniment.
Ablative of Means/Instrument
The means of instrument by which something is done is indicated by the ablative without a preposition. (It must not be a person).
Ablative of Personal Agent
With a passive verb the person by whom the action is performed is expressed by the ablative with the preposition a or ab.
Ablative of Specification
The ablative is used, without a preposition, to answer the question “With respect to what?”
Ablative of Description
The ablative of description denotes quality and must have an agreeing adjective.
Ablative of Price
With verbs of buying, selling, and exchanging, the price or means of payment is put in the ablative.
Ablative of Time When
The ablative, without a preposition, is used to answer the question “When?”
Ablative of Time Within Which
The ablative, without a preposition, is used to answer the question “Within what period?”
Ablative of Degree of Difference
The ablative, without a preposition, is used to answer the question “By how much?”
It is usually used with multo (by much) and paulo (by a little).
Ablative of Comparison
If the word to be compared is in the nominative or accusative, quam may be omitted and the second word put in the ablative.
(If quam is used, then both words being compared must be in the same case.)
Ablative Absolute
The circumstances under which an action occurs are often expressed by a noun and a participle in the ablative case.
