Notifiable viral infections and measles

Question 1

Define notifiable diseases medical conditions

Answer 1

Is any disease that is required by law to be reported to the government institution

Death from a notifiable disease must be notified as a case

Question 2

List the 7 diseases that must be notified as a case with 24 hours

Answer 2

1. Measles
2. Poliomyelitis
3. Rabies
4. yellow fever
5. Small pox
6. Acute flaccid paralysis
7. Viral hemorrhagic fever disease

Question 3

List the 2 NMC that must be reported within 7 days

Answer 3

1. Hepatitis A, B, C, and E

2. Congenital rubella syndrome

Question 4

What are the reasons for MNC

Answer 4

1. They pose a significant public health risk
2. Disease can easily outbreak
3. High fatality ratio
4. For disease surveillance and control
5. Provide factual data
6. Provide timely and accurate detection of public health

Question 5

Discuss the general characteristics of the measles virus

Answer 5

Highly contagious
enveloped ssRNA
immunity is lifelong

Question 6

Is measles eradicable and give reasons for your answer

Answer 6

yes

• There is no animal reservoir (humans are the only reservoir
• There is a good vaccine
• There are testing and surveillance systems available

Question 7

MOT of measles

Answer 7

• Via respiratory droplets
• maintained in the human population due to susceptible individuals
• Outbreaks are seen in winter and early springs

Question 8

What are the clinical manifestations of measles

Answer 8

• symptoms appear 7-14 weeks after exposure
• cough,fever,conjunctivitis
• macular papular rash
• running nose

Question 9

What are the differential diagnoses of fever and rash

Answer 9

Viral: Rubella, Parvovirus and HHV 6 and &

Bacterial: Streptococcal infection and meningococcal infection

Question 10

List 3 Measles complications

Answer 10

1. Respiratory: Pneumonia and otitis media
2. Eyes: Xeropthalmia (blindness)
3. CNS: Encephalitis

Question 11

How can measles be prevented

Answer 11

1. Vaccines: Measles vaccine is administered at 6- 12 months
2. PEP to contact
   * Vaccine and immunoglobin ie pregnant

Question 12

How are measles diagnosed

Answer 12

• CIF
• Blood; MEASLES IgM
• Throat swab

Question 13

Treatment of measles

Answer 13

• No specific measles antiviral treatment

* Vitamin A during measles decrease morbidity and blindness