Notes (Overview + Acne)

Question 1

Natural products
- Aloe –> ____ effect as a gel or lotion
- Tea tree oil –> for
- Lysine for
- biotin for
- Topical vitamin D

Answer 1

• soothing
• acne, onychomycosis
• Lysine (tablet, capsule, topical), for cold sores (herpes simplex labialis) prevention and treatment
• hair loss & brittle nails
• diaper rash, psoriasis

Question 2

Study tip Gal: drugs that can discolor skin & secretions

Brown caused by

Answer 2

(Entacapone
Levodopa
Methyldopa)*

Question 3

Study tip Gal: drugs that can discolor skin & secretions

Brown/Black/Green caused by

Answer 3

Iron (black stool)*
methocarbamol

Question 4

Study tip Gal: drugs that can discolor skin & secretions

Brown/Yellow caused by

Answer 4

Nitrofurantoin*
Metronidazole
Tinidazole
Riboflavin (B2)

Question 5

Study tip Gal: drugs that can discolor skin & secretions

Purple/Orange/Red caused by

Answer 5

Chlorzoxazone

Question 6

Study tip Gal: drugs that can discolor skin & secretions

Orange/Yellow caused by

Answer 6

Sulfasalazine*

Question 7

Study tip Gal: drugs that can discolor skin & secretions

Yellow-Green

Answer 7

Propofol*
Flutamide

Question 8

Study tip Gal: drugs that can discolor skin & secretions

Red-Orange caused by

Answer 8

Phenazopyridine*
Rifampin*
Rifapentine

Question 9

Study tip Gal: drugs that can discolor skin & secretions

Red

Answer 9

Anthracyclines*
Deferasirox (urine)

Question 10

Study tip Gal: drugs that can discolor skin & secretions

Blue

Answer 10

Methylene blue*
Mitoxantrone*

Question 11

Study tip Gal: drugs that can discolor skin & secretions

Blue-Gray

Answer 11

Amiodarone*
Chloroquine

Question 12

Acne is primarily treated by

Answer 12

OTC benzoyl peroxide and salicylic acid, retinoids, topical/oral antibiotics, systemic isotretinoin

Question 13

Retinoids are a derivative of Vitamin A and help acne by

Answer 13

reducing adherence of keratinocytes in the oil gland

Question 14

retinoids must be avoided in pregnancy and breastfeeding since they are

Answer 14

teratogenic

Question 15

Retinoids should be applied

Answer 15

daily at night with the correct (pea-sized) amount

a moisturizer & sunscreen should be used each morning

Question 16

Retinoids take ______ weeks to work

Answer 16

4-12

Question 17

Minocycline can be used with topical retinoids to reduce

Answer 17

worsening

Question 18

tazarotene is used for ____ cases

Answer 18

difficult

Question 19

the oral retinoid isotretinoin is used off label for moderate tx resistant acne, but only FDA approved for

Answer 19

severe, recalcitrant nodular acne

Question 20

What tests are required with isotretinoin

Answer 20

pregnancy and cholesterol, etc.

Question 21

Clascoterone (Winlevi) can be used as an alternative for tx of ______ in pts 12 and older

Answer 21

mild acne

Question 22

Acne tx first line for mild

Answer 22

• topical BPO or retinoid or
• topical combination
  -(BPO + topical antibiotic, or BPO + retinoid, or BPO + topical antibiotic + retinoid)

Question 23

Acne first line for moderate

Answer 23

Topical combination
-(BPO + topical antibiotic, or BPO + retinoid, or BPO + topical antibiotic + retinoid)

or

PO antibiotic + BPO + topical retinoid (+/- topical antibiotic)

Question 24

Acne first line for severe

Answer 24

Topical combination (BPO + topical antibiotic, or BPO + retinoid, or BPO + topical antibiotic + retinoid) AND PO antibiotic

or

PO isotretinoin

Question 25

Alternative tx options
mild acne

Answer 25

add topical retinoid or BPO, or switch to another retinoid, topical dapsone or clascoterone

Question 26

Alternative tx options
moderate acne

Answer 26

other combination, switch PO antibiotic, add combined OCP or spironolactone (females) or PO isotretinoin

Question 27

alternative tx options severe acne

Answer 27

switch PO antibiotic, add combined OCP or spironolactone (females) or PO isotretinoin (if not previously tried)