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Notes Flashcards

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U.S. Government Basics flashcards AP® U.S. Government flashcards
1
Q

Limited government

A

The idea that government should not be involved too much in people’s daily lives.

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2
Q

The idea that government should not be involved too much in people’s daily lives.

A

Limited govrnment

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3
Q

Rule of law

A

The idea that no one is above the law (even kings and presidents) and that citizens can only be punished by the government IF they’ve committed a crime using rules and procedures set by the law

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4
Q

The idea that no one is above the law (even kings and presidents) and that citizens can only be punished by the government IF they’ve committed a crime using rules and procedures set by the law

A

Rule of Law

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5
Q

Foundation documents

A

Magna Carta (“Great Charter”) 1315
English bill of rights - 1689
Petition of right - 1628

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6
Q

Types of government (6)

From smallest to most complex

A 
Anarchy
Autocracy
Monarchy (Absolute and Constitutional)
Oligarchy
Direct demveacy
Republican democracy
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7
Q

Capitalism

A

Private individuals-means of production
Laissez-faire
Supply an demand

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8
Q

Communism

A

Government owns means of production

No small private industries

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9
Q

Socialism

A

Welfare states

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10
Q

Anarchy

A

No government

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11
Q

Autocracy

A

One ruler has all the power; dictatorship

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12
Q

Monarchy

A

Sovereignty is embodied in an individual monarh

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13
Q

Monarchy (absolute)

A

Monarch has ultimate authority as head of both state and government

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14
Q

Monarchy (constitutional)

A

Limited head of state within the guidelines of a constitution

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15
Q

Oligarchy

A

Rule by few

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16
Q

Direct democracy

A

Tyranny of the majority; minority rights

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17
Q

Republican democracy

A

A republic which is defined to give its people democratic rights: both republic and a democracy; elect representarives

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18
Q

Enlightenment

A

Intellectual movement of the 1700s.
Reason was found to be the basis if authority
Scientific successes

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19
Q

Thomas Hobbes

A

Argued that people are naturally cruel, greedy, and selfish

Thought that without laws, we would fight, rob, and oppress one another

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20
Q

Argued that people are naturally cruel, greedy, and selfish

Thought that without laws, we would fight, rob, and oppress one another

A

Thomas Hobbes

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21
Q

John Locke

A

He thought that people were naturally reasonable and moral
He argued that people could protect their natural rights
-that government should have limited power and be controlled by the people

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22
Q

He thought that people were naturally reasonable and moral
He argued that people could protect their natural rights
-that government should have limited power and be controlled by the people

A

John Locke

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23
Q

Natural Rights

A

Life, liberty, property

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24
Q

Baron de Montesquieu

A

Published The Spirit of the laws
Stated the the best way to protect liberty was to divide government into three branches
Each branch should be able to check the other

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25
Q

Published The Spirit of the laws
Stated the the best way to protect liberty was to divide government into three branches
Each branch should be able to check the other

A

Baron de Montesquieu

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26
Q

Declaration of Independence (3 parts)

A

Reasoning
“Laundry list” complaints
Declaration

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27
Q

Weaknesses of articles of confederation

A

No power of taxation, each state had its own money, no strong leader, individual states, needed 100% vote

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28
Q

Why was Shay’s Rebellion instrumental in creating a new constitution?

A

Citizens wouldn’t support government, sent fear to states, foreclosures of land, farmers couldn’t pay taxes, showed weak central government

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29
Q

Why was the constitutional convention considered “illegal” at the time?

A

It wasn’t permitted under the articles if cinfederation

30
Q

3/5 compromise

A

Every slave counted as 3/5 if a prrson

31
Q

Before the ink dried on the paper, what was already wrong with the constitution? How was this fixed?

A

There wasn’t a bill of rights; they made it with the first ten amendments to the cinstituti

32
Q

Expressed powers

A

They are listed in the constitution

33
Q

Implied powers

A

They’re not in the constitution, but the govt can do then base on another part of it

34
Q

Delegated powers

A

Powers given by the constitution to the federal government

35
Q

Inherent powers

A

They’re not in the constitution but the government can do them simply be They’re the government

36
Q

Interstate

A

Relations between two (or more) different stares

37
Q

Intrastate

A

Relations within a single state

38
Q

Adams

A

Govt should make ppl happy
Believed in natural rights
Annual elections
Equal representation for all colonies

39
Q

Hamilton

A

Many rights
Bill of rights could lead to more power
No excessive taxes
Change in role, not peiple

40
Q

Washington

A 
Right to amend (people)
Money on public good
People should decide fate
Free govt
America built on god/faith
41
Q

Yellow dog Democrat

A

A southern who votes only for democrats

42
Q

Blue dog democrat

A

A moderate democrat

43
Q

GOP

A

Grand old party
Given to Republican Party
The elephant: symbol since the 1870s

44
Q

Democrats

A

Evolved from the anti-Federalist Party

45
Q

Throwing ones hat into the ring

A

To announce that one is running for an elective office

46
Q

Dark horse candidate

A

A little known person or thing that emerges to prominence, especially in a competition of some sort or a contestant that seems unlikely to succeed

47
Q

Borking

A

To defeat a judicial nomination through a concerted attack on the nominee’s character background and philosophy
Robert Bork

48
Q

Inside the beltway

A

The highway that encircles DC
Signifies a clear distinction and disconnect between those who love and work within those boundaries, and the general majority

49
Q

Kicking the can down the road

A

Refers to a decision by a lawmaker or decision maker to avoid making the tough call on a short permanent maneuver and instead delaying it by passing short and temporary measures

50
Q

Straw polls

A

Quick gaging of audience; inscientific

51
Q

Coattail voting

A

The tendency for a popular political leader to attract votes for other candidates of the same party in an election

52
Q

Issue voting

A

Describes when voters cast their vote in elections based on political issues

53
Q

Protest voting (Blank or White)

A

A vote cast in an election to demonstrate the caster’s dissatisfaction with the choice of candidates or refusal of te current political system

54
Q

Spoilt vote

A

A vote regarded by the election authorities to be invalid an this not included in regally during the vote counting

55
Q

Straight ticket voting

A

The practice of voting for candidates of the same party for multiple positions

56
Q

Tactical voting

A

Occurs when a voter supports a candidate other than his or her sincere preference in order to prevent an undesirable pitcome

57
Q

Paradox of voting

A

For a rational, self-interested voter, the costs of voting will normally exceed the expected benefits

58
Q

Voter apathy

A

Perceived lack of caring among voters in an election

A cause of low turn ought among eligible voters

59
Q

Voter fatigue

A

Elections thy are held to frequently (a cause of voter apathy)

60
Q

Voter psychology

A

If someone is on the ballot that is hated, more people will go and vote
If two people are hated, fewer will vote
If both are liked, fewer will vote

61
Q

Perfect election (voter psychology)

A

A sinner and a aaint

62
Q

General election

A

Most offices and issues on the ballot, usually generate more interested and higher turnout than any other elections
Include state constitutional amendments

63
Q

Primary elections

A

No candidates are elected

Voters nominate their candidates to run in November general election

64
Q

Municipal elections

A

Mayors, town council members and town commissioners

Registered voters living in the cities limits are eligible to vite

65
Q

Special elections

A 
Held for special reasons such as
School bonds
Sales tax
Water bond
Beverage election
Runoffs
Often two weeks after a general election
66
Q

Runoffs

A

When no one gets a clear majority (50% +1)

67
Q

Where does money for campaigning come from?

A 
Public financing (can opt out)
Private donations (individuals, PACs)
68
Q

What does PACs stand for?

A

Political action committee

69
Q

PACs is not tied to _______ but to _________

A

Political party; political ideology

70
Q

Where does all the campaigning money go?

A

Advertising
Staff and consultants salaries
Direct mailings
Travel
Technology
Specialized items to give out (personalized)
(Bats, chocolates, jackets, hats, T-shirts, etc.) with logos

71
Q

How can we control this system?

A

Disclosure laws
Public financing laws
Spending limits
Contribution limits

72
Q

1974 FECA amendments

A

Imposed contributions limits, and individual $1000 limit
Imposed expenditure limits, including an individual $1000 limit
Required disclosure reports go be filed by those collecting contributions (NOTDONE! Type rest of answer from notes!)

AP Gov (17 decks)

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