Nosocomial infections Flashcards
what is MRSA
methicillin resistant staph aureus
what can MRSA cause
pneumonia, septicaemia, wound infections, death
risk factors for MRSA
HIV, diabetes, on ITU
what can be used to treat MRSA
vancomycin or teicoplanin
if decr sensitivity to vanco/teico what can you give
linezolid or daptomycin
what does C dif cause
watery diarrhoea, colitis, pseudomembranous colitis
what is C dif
gram +ve which produces 2 toxins- A and B. B causes bloody diarrhoea
why are antibiotics implicated in C dif
other bowel commensals have been eliminated by antibiotic therapy
features C dif
diarrhoea can start 2 days-months after taking antibios. elderly hospitalised patients.
mild C dif features
profuse haemorrhagic colitis, lower abdominal pain. can cause intractable diarrhoea- toxic megacolon and death
severe C dif features
temp >38.5, WCC >15, creat >50% of baseline, incr serum lactate, severe abdominal pain
diagnosis C dif
A or B toxins in stools by ELISA or PCR
treatment C dif
metronidazole, oral vancomycin
what can you measure in ventilator associated pneum
serum procalcitonin
organisms in VAP
gram -ve, pseudomonas, e coli, staph aureus, klebsiella
