hepatitis

Question 1

hep A spread

Answer 1

faecal-oral or shellfish

Question 2

incubation A

Answer 2

2-6 weeks

Question 3

symptoms A

Answer 3

fever, malaise, anorexia, nausea, arthralgia

Question 4

tests A

Answer 4

ALT and AST rise 22-40d postexposure

Question 5

what Ig shows recent infection hep A

Answer 5

IgM

Question 6

what Ig is detectable for life hep A

Answer 6

IgG

Question 7

treatment hep A

Answer 7

supportive, avoid alcohol. active immunisation- inactivated protein from HAV.

Question 8

prognosis hep A

Answer 8

usually self limiting. fulminant hep rare

Question 9

hep B spread

Answer 9

blood products, IV drug abusers, sexual, direct contact

Question 10

incubation hep B

Answer 10

1-6m

Question 11

signs hep B

Answer 11

similar to hep A but arthralgia and urticarial commoner

Question 12

which marker is present 1-6m after infection

Answer 12

HBsAg- surface infection

Question 13

which marker implies high infectivity hep B

Answer 13

HBeAg

Question 14

IF HBsAg persists >6m what does this mean

Answer 14

carrier. occurs in 5-10% infections

Question 15

what implies past hep B infection

Answer 15

anti-HBc

Question 16

what implies hep B vaccination

Answer 16

anti-HBs

Question 17

what test allows monitoring of response to therapy

Answer 17

PCR

Question 18

what may be given to non immune contacts after high risk exposure

Answer 18

passive immunisation- specific anti-HBV Ig

Question 19

treatment hep B

Answer 19

avoid alcohol. antivirals if chronic liver inflamm. eg PEG alfa 2a.

Question 20

complications hep B

Answer 20

cirrhosis, HCC, fulminant hepatic failure, cholangiocarcinoma, cryoglobulinaemia

Question 21

hep C spread

Answer 21

blood- transfusion, IV drug abuse, sexual, acupuncture

Question 22

early infection hep C signs

Answer 22

often asymptomatic

Question 23

risk factors for progression HCC hep C

Answer 23

male, older, higher viral load, alcohol, HIV,HBV

Question 24

tests hep C

Answer 24

LFT, anti HCV antibodies, HCV PCR, biopsy

Question 25

treatment hep C

Answer 25

quit alcohol

Question 26

complications hep C

Answer 26

glomerulonephritis, cryoglobinulinaemia, thyroiditis, autoimmune hep, PAN, polymyositis

Question 27

which hep being vaccinated against protects against Hep D

Answer 27

hep b

Question 28

what can hep D cause

Answer 28

acute liver failure/ cirrhosis

Question 29

tests hep D

Answer 29

anti HDV antibody

Question 30

types of drugs in treatment in HCV

Answer 30

protease inhibitors, ribavirin, PEG interferon alpha