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EENT > Nose > Flashcards

Nose Flashcards

1
Q

Rhinitis due to upper respiratory infection

A

Acute viral infection of upper respiratory tract

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2
Q

The common cold is also known as

A

Coryza

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3
Q

Rhinitis has increased risk in:

A

Kids, people with weakened resistance, and ovulating women

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4
Q

Differentiating Colds From Flu & Sinusitis

A

Colds: Milder symptoms that usually go way in less than 5 days
-Flu: More severe symptoms
-Sinusitis: Cause more face/head discomfort and usually lasts longer

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5
Q

Treatment of Rhinitis

A

Self-Care: Fluids, increased humidity, aerobic exercise, rest, chicken soup, zinc, echinacea, sterlile nasal saline, salt water, Acetaminophen or aspririn
-Adjustments and acupuncture

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6
Q

Complications of colds

A

-Middle ear infection
-Sinusitis
-Lower respiratory infection, especially bacterial

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7
Q

Allergic Rhinitis is also known as

A

Hay Fever

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8
Q

Allergic Rhinitis is caused by:

A

Hypersensitivity in the immune system: Use of antibiotics, lack of exposure to common allergens, allergic hypersensitivity
-Mediated IgE antibodies

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9
Q

Allergy symptoms

A

-Triggered by exposure to allergens
-Can be: Episodic, seasonal or perennial
-Can wax and wane
-Food allergies

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10
Q

Most common atopic (allergic) disorder

A

Allergic Rhinitis

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11
Q

Manifestations of Allergic Rhinitis

A

-Obvious: Itchy nose, eyes, palate
-Less obvious: Allergic salute, nasal polyps, tongue clucking
-Pale or bluish mucosa

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12
Q

Allergy Testing

A

-Skin tests: Most common
-RAST: ELISA/Allergen-specific IgE antibody

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13
Q

Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis

A

-Preventative: Avoid allergens, exercise indoors, take vitamin C, use HEPA/air quality filter or use mask
-Restorative: SCIT, SLIT, Chiro care, healthy living
-Therapeutic: Elimination diet, drugs

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14
Q

Vasomotor Rhinitis

A

Nasal congestion/obstruction not due to infection or allergic reaction

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15
Q

Vasomotor Rhinitis is usually triggered by:

A

-Irritants (smoke), dry air, changes in temp/AC, hormonal changes, anxiety, exercise, spicy foods, beer or wine

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16
Q

Treatment of Vasomotor Rhinitos

A

Avoid triggers, increase humidity, chiro adjustments, good nutrition, Drugs (decongestant sprays)

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17
Q

Postnasal drip

A

Mucus in the nose moving towards the oropharynx

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18
Q

Symptoms of Postnasal Drip

A

-Halking (snorting to clear mucus at back of throat), ticking in back of throat, coughing, hoarseness, sore throat, stuffy nose

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19
Q

Treatment of postnasal drip

A

Hydration/humidity, nasal saline, gargling with salt water, steam bath/sauna, exercise, chiro care

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20
Q

Diet for Postnasal drip

A

Decreased dairy, supplemental C and B vitamins
-Neti Pot

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21
Q

Bloody Nose is also called

A

Epistaxis

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22
Q

Recurrent or posterior nosebleeds can be a sign of:

A

Serious health problems: Hypertension, bleeding disorders, leukemia, tumors

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23
Q

Is a difference between blood from 1 nostril or 2?

A

-Blood from one nostril: Ok
-Blood from 2: Check further

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24
Q

Kids usually have _____ nosebleeds

A

Anterior

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25
Q

Bloody nose are more common in:

A

Older adults

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26
Q

Anterior Nosebleed

A

-MC type of nosebleed
-Usually just one nostril (Posterior is both)
-Damaged vessels near the surface of the anterior nasal septum (Kiesselbach’s plexus)

27
Q

Causes of Anterior nosebleeds

A

-Overuse of topical decongestants/corticosteroids, anticoagulant meds
-Also: picking nose, cold/dry air or high altitudes, fractured nose

28
Q

Treatment of Anterior Bleed

A

Patient sits or stands, tipping head forward a bit to prevent blood from going down throat
-Pinch soft part of nose for 10-15 minutes while clot forms
-Petroleum jelly can help

29
Q

Posterior Nosebleeds

A

-Less common but often more serious
-Large vessel in inner nose breaks (both nostrils)
-Can be due to hypertension, use of oral anticoagulants, leukemia or tumors

30
Q

Medical Diagnosis and treatment

A

-May require nasal endoscopy, MRI, CT
-Also: Evaluate BP, INR, CBC

31
Q

Prevention of nosebleeds

A

Don’t pick, use nasal saline, humidify the air/hydrate the body, adjust blood thinner dose, control blood pressure, stop using topical nasal steroids

32
Q

Kids with recurrent nosebleeds could have:

A

Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma

33
Q

Broken nose can lead to:

A

Permenent deformity, chronic nasal obstruction, recurrent sinusitis

34
Q

Care of broken noses

A

-Dont adjust an acute broken nose
-Prevent future damage
-Let swelling go down
-Rhinoplasty (Nose Job-Cosmetic)

35
Q

Deviated Septum can involve:

A

the bony septum or the soft tissue of the septum

36
Q

Deviated septum treatment

A

Seroplasty, Septal Hematoma

37
Q

Sinusitis

A

Swelling & inflammation of the sinus cavirties around the nose, leading to impaired sinus drainage

38
Q

Symptoms of sinusitis

A

-Nasal obstruction
-Throbbing facial pain, pressure, facial swelling
-Fatigue, malaise

39
Q

Acute sinusitis is commonly caused by

A

Common cold viruses

40
Q

Acute sinusitis causes increased risk in patients w/:

A

Allergies or asthma, nasal polyps or tumors, or deviated septum

41
Q

Chronic sinusitis

A

Same as acute sinusitis, but consider underlying structural problems and polyps

42
Q

Diagnosis of Sinusitis

A

-SNOT-16 exam: Decreased nasal patency
-MD: Nasal endoscopy, allergy testing, imaging

43
Q

Treatment of sinusitis

A

SNOT-16 to assess baseline & preferably natural care
-Chiro care
-Warm compress
-Rest/Sleep
-Fluids…
-OTC: Nasal decongestants, analgesics

44
Q

Sinusitis Supplements

A

Vitamin C,D, fish oil, probiotics

45
Q

Anosmia

A

Loss of sense of smell

46
Q

Anosmia is often due to:

A

Disorders that lead to nasal obstruction: Allergies, Upper respiratory infections, sinusitis, deviated septum, nasal polyps)
-Use of Zicam nasal spray

47
Q

Treatment of anosmia

A

Treat the cause of nasal obstruction

48
Q

Rosacea

A

A chronic, inflammatory disease that affects the skin of the nose, cheeks, chin and sometimes eyes

49
Q

Rosacea: Signs/Symptoms

A

-Redness, pimples, thickened skin
-Self-consciousness, loss of self esteem, depression
-Common pattern on cheeks, forehead, chin

50
Q

Triggers of Rosacea

A

Heat, exercise, sunlight/wind, very cold temperatures, hot or spicy foods and drinks, alcohol consumption, menopause, emotional stress, long term use of topical steroids on the face

51
Q

Treatment of Rosacea

A

Skin hygeine, healthy living habits, chiro care, acup, massage therapy, medical care

52
Q

Rhinophyma

A

Occurs in some people who have rosacea
-Thickened skin, bulbous appearance

53
Q

Treatment of Rhinophyma

A

Rhinoplasty

54
Q

Sleep Apnea

A

Interruption of breathing during sleep

55
Q

Types of sleep apnea

A

Obstructive Sleep Apnea: More common-closure of upper airway & cessation of airflow
-Central sleep apnea: Much less common-complete absence of breathing effort (nervous system abnormality)

56
Q

Most common patient with sleep apnea is

A

Older, overweight male

57
Q

Factors that increase risk of sleep apnea

A

-Male (2:1), overweight, excess tissue in nose or throat; big tongue, post-menopausal female, use of alcohol/sedatives before bed, chronic nasal obstruction, COPD, sleeping on back

58
Q

Snoring and Obstructive Sleep Apnea

A

-Virtually 100% of people with OSA snore
-Not all people who snore have OSA
-Snoring is exacerbated by: Alcohol, sleeping on back, extreme fatigue

59
Q

OSA: Obstruction of airflow leads to these primary signs and symptoms

A

-Increased ventilatory effort
-Sympathetic response
-CNS sleep cycle disruption

60
Q

Secondary Symptoms of OSA

A

-Daytime sleepiness
-Fatigue
-Morning headache
-History of frequent car accidents
-Others: Night sweating, restless sleep

61
Q

OSAL Secondary Symptoms and signs

A

-Personality changes, bad behaviour and decreased performance at work, school, family and relationship problems, hypertension and/or arrythmias

62
Q

Diagnosis of Sleep Apnea

A

-Suspicious symptoms
-Positive Epworth Sleepiness Score (+15 points)
-Hypertension
-Audio or video evidence of snoring
-Polysomnography (sleep diagnosis)

63
Q

Treatment of Sleep Apnea

A

*CPAP therapy: Most common
-Weight loss
-Elimination of alcohol/sedatives before bed
-Oral orthotics
-Nasal strips
-Surgery
-Chiro adjustments
-Allergy treatments
-Acupuncture and/or oriental medicine

EENT (7 decks)

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