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EENT > Ear > Flashcards

Ear Flashcards

1
Q

2 primary functions of the ear

A

Hearing
-Static and dynamic equilibrium

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2
Q

Outer ear components

A

Pinna and Ear Canal

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3
Q

Middle Ear

A

-Tympanic membrane: Subject to noise trauma
-Ossicles: 3 tiny bones with joints between them/Transmit vibrations from tympanic membrane
-Eustachian tube: Equalize the air pressure in the middle ear with that of the outside ear

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4
Q

Two muscles in the middle ear that help dampen sounds when things are really loud

A
  1. Tensor Tympani: Trigeminal; Teeth
  2. Stapedius: Seven (CN 7); Singing sounds
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5
Q

Which cranial nerve carries sound and body position & motoin from the inner ear to brain

A

Cranial nerve 8 (vestibulocochlear)

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6
Q

Inner Ear

A

-Cochlea
-Utricle and Saccule
-Semicircular canals

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7
Q

Cochlea

A

-Snail-shaped with tiny hairs inside
-Transforms sound waves into electrical impulses

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8
Q

Utricle and Saccule

A

-Filled with fluid and hairs
-Provide information about body position at rest

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9
Q

Semicircular canals

A

-Provide information about body in motion

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10
Q

The big four ear complaints

A

Hearing loss, equilibrium or balance problems, Dizziness/vertigo, Tinnitus (auditory paresthesia)

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11
Q

Cauliflower ear

A

-Result of physical trauma to the pinna or inflammation or infection
-Can create permenent deformity in the shape of the pinna
-Palpates as a hard lump
-Common in wrestlers and boxers

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12
Q

Perichondritis

A

Another name for inflammation or infection of the external ear
-Treated with astingents and systematic antibiotics
-Drainage when necessary

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13
Q

Ear piercing

A

-Earlobe is safer than cartilage (poorer circulation)
-Refer patients id there is swelling, inflammation, infection or fluid filled lesion

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14
Q

Keloid vs Hypertrophic scarring

A

Keloid: Scar tissue (more excessive and permenent)
Hypertrophic scarring: More temporary

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15
Q

Outer ear infection: Swimmers Ear

A

-Otitis externa
-Infection or inflammation of the ear canal
-Symptoms: itching, swelling, pain, tenderness, discharge and occasionally hearing loss

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16
Q

Examination Findings in Otitis Externa

A

Pain when pressing or manipulating the tragus

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17
Q

Medical Care for Otitis Externa

A

Dependent on cause
-Hematoma or abscess is drained
-Antibiotics: Topically and/or systematically
-Anti-Inflammatory drugs

18
Q

External Auditory Exostosis: Surfer’s Ear

A

From repeated exposure to cold water, wind and salt water

19
Q

Cancer of the Pinna/Auricle

A

-Due to exposure of ear to ultraviolet radiation from sun
-Look for suspicious growths that are new or changing

20
Q

Cholesteatoma

A

-A benign tumor near eardrum
-Appears as white mass behind or on eardrum

21
Q

Symptoms of Cholesteatoma

A

Hearing loss, dizziness, pressure in ear, ear ache

22
Q

Treatment of Cholesteatoma

A

-Surgery to remove growth completely and to reconstruct damaged ossicles or eardrum
-Goal is preserve hearing (and language skills) and equilibrium/balance

23
Q

Leading cause of pediatric visits to medical doctor

A

Middle ear infection/otitis media

24
Q

Why does Otitis media affect kids more

A
  1. Anatomy: Kids eustachian tubes are shorter, more horizontal, and narrower
  2. ## Physiology: Kids immune systems are not as developed
25
Q

Otitis media epidemiology

A

-Most often in kds
-More males than females
-Family history is important
-More in bottle fed
-More often in day care kids and kids exposed to second hand smoke
-More common in winter

26
Q

Otitis media Diagnosis

A

Tenderness to pressure on mastoid area

27
Q

Acute vs. Seroud Otitis Media

A

Serous: Less severe (lower fever, low-grade or no pain, child appears less sick, less redness/no pus) than acute

28
Q

Treatment of Otitis Media

A

Wait and See Prescription (WASP): Wait 48 hours

29
Q

Treatment/Relief of Otitis Media

A

-Muncie technique, Gallbreath technique, -Acupuncture
-Dietary supplementation (Vitamin C, Zinc, maganese, colloidal silver drops, calcium, goldenseal/echinacea)
-Antibiotics
-Myringotomy with or without Tympanostomy Tubes

30
Q

Home Care Advice for Otitis Media

A

Nasal saline drops, NoseFrida

31
Q

Tympanosclerosis

A

Scarring of the eardrum secondary to acute otitis media or chronic, recurrent middle ear infections
-Patient has a history of middle ear infections
-Looks like cholesteatoma

32
Q

Treatment of Ruptured/Perforated Tympanic Membrane

A

Most heal within 4-8 weeks, antibiotics
-Self care: keep ear canal dry

33
Q

Otosclerosis

A

Abnormal bone growth of the middle ear bones
-Common cause of hearing impairment
-Tends to fun in families
-Affects women more than men
-Main symptom is hearing loss

34
Q

Which structure of the ear is most affected during otosclerosis

A

Stapes

35
Q

Diagnosis of Otosclerosis

A

Weber: Sound will localize to involved ear if UL
RInne: Bone conduction is louder and longer than air conduction
Otoscopic Exam: To rule out other things; Can’t see otosclerosis with otoscope
-CT Scan
-Refer to otologist

36
Q

Treatment of otosclerosis

A

Hearing aid (temporary)
-Stapedectomy and prosthesis surgery
-Sodium fluoride supplementation

37
Q

Barotrauma

A

-MC cause is blockage or partial blockage of eustachian tube
-Common in airplane take-offs/landings or water pressure
-If severe can cause bleeding and/or rupture of tympanic membrane

38
Q

Who identified Eustachian tubes

A

Bartolomeo Eustachio

39
Q

Maneuver for equalizing air pressure in ears

A

Antonio Valsalva (Valsalva Maneuver)

40
Q

Preventing & Treating Barotrauma

A

Chiropractic Adjustments: PARTS likely in upper C spine
-Acupuncture and soft tissue work
-Muncie/Fossa of Rosenmuller Technique

EENT (7 decks)

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