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WSET Three > Northern Italy > Flashcards

Northern Italy Flashcards

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1
Q

What does Classico mean on a label of Italian wine?

A

It means that the wine comes historical land and includes many of the best wines from the area.

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2
Q

Where are the vineyard regions in Northern Italy located?

A

Located on the hillsides in the foothills of the alps and on the plains of rivers.

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3
Q

What is the climate of northern italy?

A

Moderate climate with dry short summers.

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4
Q

What training system is used in northern Italy?

A

Pergola

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5
Q

How does a pergola training system work?

A

The vine canopy is trained high with fruit hanging down below a horizontal canopy of leaves. This protects the grapes from sunburn as well as allowing air to circulate which reduces chances of rot.

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6
Q

What is Italy’s most northern wine region?

A

Alto Adige

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7
Q

How are the vineyards in alto adige?

A

The vineyards are planted on terraces on south west and south east valley sides of the river Adige.

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8
Q

Describe the region of Alto Adige?

A

Moderate climate with dry short summers and low rainfall during the growing season. This region has large diurnal temperature range which makes it ideal for producing aromatic whites and light and elegant bodied reds.

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9
Q

What is the most notable wine coming out of ALto Adige? Talk about it.

A

Pinot Grigio
- made in dry style with light to medium body, high acidity and aromas of green apples and citrus.

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10
Q

What grapes are grown in Alto Adige?

A

Pinot grigio, Chardonnay, Pinot Blanc, Gewurtztraminer and Schiava.

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11
Q

What kind of wine does the grape Schiava produce?

A

A light fruity wine with low to medium tannins and flavours of raspberries and plum.

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12
Q

Where is Trentino and how are the vines planted here?

A

Directly south of Alto Adige. Vines are planted on the valley floor and the slopes of the valley.

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13
Q

What are the main varities grown in Trentino?

A

Chardonnay and Pinot grigio.

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14
Q

What are the two black varieties grown in Trentino?

A

Merlot and Teroldego

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15
Q

Describe a Teroldego wine.

A

Deep colour, medium to high tannin, high acidity with a medium to full body and aromas of black fruit. Normally matured in oak and have the ability to age.

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16
Q

Where is Friuli-Venezia Giulia located?

A

Northern Italys eastern corne.

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17
Q

What is the climate in Friuli-Venezie Giulia?

A

Moderate and continental and cooled by the mountain air (located on the foothills of the alps).

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18
Q

What are the two most important varieties in Friuli-Venezie Giuila?

A

Merlot and Pinot griogio

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19
Q

Describe a pinot grigio and a merlot from Friuli-Venezia Giula?

A

-Some of the richest pinot grigios in italy
- medium to full bodied with juicey peach and tropical fruit

merlot:
- medium body, acid and tannin with ripe red fruits and sometimes a little bit of oak.

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20
Q

Wines from the plains of Friuli-Venezia Giuli are labelled as?

A

Friuli Grave DOC

21
Q

If a wine is labelled Collio DOC or Collio Orientali DOC what will it be like?

A

The vines are located in the hills and produces more premium concentrated white wines and reds.

22
Q

describe a wine made from Friulano.

A

Medium to high acid, medium body with aromas of pear, red apples and herbs.

23
Q

What is one if Italys largest wine producing areas?

A

Veneto

24
Q

What are two exams of good wines coming out of Veneto?

A

Soave and Valpolicella.

25
Q

What is the climate in veneto?

A

Warm with moderate rainfall.

26
Q

If a wine is labelled Veneto IGT what should you expect?

A

That is has come from the flat plain that produces high yielding simple wines. Will typically be pinot grigio, chardonnay, merlot, corvina, trebbiano or gargonaga.

27
Q

What is a common type of wine to come out Veneto?

A

Prosecco

28
Q

Where is Soave located and what is the soil type?

A

Soave is located in Veneto, it is to the ast of Verona and has two distinct parts.
1. Foothills in the north - limestone, clay with some volcanic rocks. Naturally cool soil types, and altitude slows down ripening leading wines to have full flavour ripeness and high acidity.
2. Flat plains in the south near River Adige - sany alluvial soils that aid ripening grapes are fruiter with medium acidity and meant to be drunk young.

29
Q

What is the main grape of Soave?

A

Gargonaga

30
Q

Describe what type of wine Soave typically produces?

A

Made from Gargonaga - medium to high acidity, medium bodied, aroms of pear, red apple and stone fruit. At times white pepper. do not typically display oak and best can age into almonds and honey.

31
Q

Where is Valpolicella and what are the soil types

A

North west of Verona, foot hills have limestone clay and volcanic soils which leads to slower ripening and therefore higher acidity grapes. The soils in the flatter south are gravel and sand which is warmer so grapes are fruitier with less acidity.

32
Q

What is the main grape in Valpolicalla?

A

Corvina
- moderate colour
- low to medium tannins
- high acicity

Other native grape varieties can be added to the blend to increase tannin.

33
Q

Describe a typical Valpolicella.

A

Simple and fruity with low tannins and display red cherry. Barely oaked and made to drink immediately. q

34
Q

What is the passito method and why/where is it used?

A

The passito method is used widely in Veneto and is used to add structure, flavour concentration and colour to wines.

It is when grapes are picked early so nice and high in acid and then dried inside in shallow crates to concentrate sugar and flavours. Fermentation does not get underway until the winter months.

35
Q

What two wines are made using the passito method, describe them.

A

Amarone della Valpolicella DOCG - dry to off dry, full bodied, high alcohol and medium to high tannin and intensely concentrated red berry and spice. Typically aged in large oak casks.

Recioto della Valpolicella DOCG - Made from grapes so sweet that the fermentation stops naturally. Sweet wines that has medium to high alcohol, full body and medium to high tannins

36
Q

What is the ripasso method?

A

This uses grapes skins from a fermenting Amarone Della Valpolicella. Shortly before fermentation stops the amarone is drained off the skins. Valpolicella wine that has finished is fermentation is added to the vat of unpressed skins. There remaining sugar on the unpressed amarone grape skins is fermented by yeast present on those grape skins which gives more colour, tannin and flavour. Medium to full bodied with medium to high tannains and flavours of stewed red cherries and plums.

37
Q

Where is Piemonte and what is the climate?

A

Piemonte is located in the north-west corner of Italy. Mountains in the north provide a rain shadow protecting from northern winds and precipitation. The climate is moderate continental with long cold winters and summers that can have rain, thunderstorms and fog. Foothills ranging from 150-600M.

38
Q

What are the main grape for Piemonte?

A

Red - Nebbiolo, Barbera, Dolcetto
White - Cortese and Moscato

39
Q

Discuss the landscape of Barolo and the effect this has on the grapes grown here,

A

The wine region spans several village each having steep slopes of 300-500 meter south facing slopes. If a wine is labelled Barolo DOCG must be 100% nebbiolo. The grapes ripen slowly at these altitudes and develop perfumed aromas of sour cherries, herbs and sometimes dried flavours. Wines are often made from different villages.

40
Q

What other grapes are grown in Barolo?

A

Nebbiolo, Dolcetto and Barbera

41
Q

What are the legal requirements and attributes of Barolo DOCG?

A
  • Must be made from 100% nebbiolo
  • Aged for a minimum of 38 months before release (with 18 months in wood)
  • traditionally was aged for ages in old oak to soften but thanks to modern day technology vineyard management and softer extraction methods allow for riper, smoother tannins.
  • high acid, high tannins, mediujm colour, tar and roses, bottle ageing to soften tannins and truffle, tar and leather.
  • released in January in the 4th year after harvest
42
Q

Discuss the region and wines of Barbaresco.

A

-South facing slopes of 200-400
- lower altitude which means fruitier and less perfurmed than barbaresco
- similar acid and tannin to barolo

43
Q

What are the legal requirements of Barbaresco?

A
  • 100% Nebbiolo
  • Aged for a minimum of 26 months (9 months in oak)
  • released third year after harvest
44
Q

what is the most widely planted grape variety in Asti and Alba? And the second?

A

Barbara
Dolcetto

45
Q

What kind of wine is Barbera d’asti DOCG?

A
  • high quality Barbera
  • Late ripening grape with medium to deep colour
  • low to medium tannins
  • high acid
  • aromas of red cherries, plums and black tannins
    2 styles
    1. Youthful and fruity with no oak influence
    2. Barrel aged to give spicey flavours
46
Q

Describe a Dolcetto d’alba DOC?

A
  • A fine wine
  • Deep often purple colour
  • medium to high tannins
  • medium acidity
  • black plums, red cherries and dried herbs.
47
Q

Where is Gavi located and what kind of wine comes from this region?

A

South Eastern Piemonte, vines are grown in hills where altitudes and sea breezes results in long ripening of Cortese which emphasises natural high acidity and floral character.

48
Q

What is a Gavi DOCG?

A

Cortese, high acidity and floral character.

49
Q

Describe a gavi di gavi DOCG?

A

Comes from the town of Gavi, pale, light bodied, with high acidity aromas and flavours of citrus, green apples and pears. Mainly use of stainless steel but some wine makers use old vessels and lees stirring.

WSET Three (23 decks)

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