North-Central Spain Flashcards
1
Q
Galicia DOs
A
- Rias Baixas
- Ribeiro
- Ribeira Sacra
- Valdeorras
- Monterrei
2
Q
Rías Baixas
Blanco
Grapes
A
- R: Albariño, Loureira, Treixadura, Caiña Blanca
- A: Torrontés, Godello
3
Q
Rías Baixas
Styles
A
- Albariño: 100%
- Blanco
- Blanco Barrica (3mos in wood, max 600L)
- Blanco with Subzone
- Tinto
- Espumoso
4
Q
Rías Baixas
Blanco
Subzone designations
A
-
Val do Salnés/Ribeira do Ulla
- min 70% Albariño
-
O Rosal
- min 70% comb. Albariño and Loureira
-
Condado do Tea
- min 70% comb. Albariño and Treixadura
5
Q
% of Albariño required for varietally labeled Albariño
A
100%
6
Q
Rias Baixas
5 subzones
A
- Ribeira do Ulla
- Val do Salnés
- Soutomaior
- Condado do Tea
- O Rosal
7
Q
Rias Baixas
Soils by Subzone
A
-
Ribeira do Ulla
- Alluvials
-
Val do Salnés, Soutomaior, O Rosal
- Alluvial over granite
-
Condado do Tea
- Granite and slate with granite subsoil
8
Q
Ribeiro DO
Major grapes
A
- Treixadura
- Caiño
9
Q
Ribeira Sacra DO
Major grapes
A
- Mencia
- Treixadura
- Godello
10
Q
Ribeira Sacra
Subzones
A
- Chantada
- Riberas do Miño
- Amandi
- Riberas do Sil
- Quiroga-Bibei
11
Q
Valdeorras
Styles
A
-
White
- Godello, Dona Branca
-
Red
- Mencía, Merenzao, Sousón, Brancellao
- Rosado
- Varietal Godello and Mencía
- Valdeorras Superior: min. 85% recommended varieties
- Best known for whites of Godello
12
Q
Valdeorras
Crianza
Min aging
A
- 2 years age
- Red: 12 mo in wood
- White: 6 mo in wood
13
Q
Valdeorras
Soil types
A
- Slate, Granite
- Calcareous clay, argillo-ferrous
- Alluvials
14
Q
País Vasco
DOs
A
- Arabako
- Bizkaiko
- Getariako
15
Q
País Vasco
Grapes
A
- Ondarribi Zuri (95% of acreage)
- Ondarribi Beltza
16
Q
What is Ojo de Gallo?
A
-
Txakoli Rosé
- Min. 50% Ondarribi Beltza
17
Q
What are rías?
A
Small inlets (fjord-like) in Rías Baixas
18
Q
What is Moscatel de Grano Menudo also known as?
A
Muscat Blanc à Petit Grains
19
Q
Galicia
Blanco Barrica
A
White wine aged in oak (max 600L) for 3 months
20
Q
Vino Tostado
A
-
Wine of dried grapes from Ribeiro
- Treixadura, Loureiro, or Caiño, Ferrón, plus, plus
- Aged min. 6mos in oak or cherry wood.
- Dried min. 3 months
- Min. must weight of 350 g/L
- Min. RS of 120 g/L
21
Q
Where would you find a wine labeled Súmmum, and what does that imply?
A
Ribeira Sacra DO
-
Reds:
- P: min. 85% red grapes, including min. 60% Mencía (Mencía, Merenzao, Brancellao, Sousón, Caiño Tinto, Tempranillo)
- May be varietally labeled Mencía at min. 85%
-
Whites:
- P: 100% white grapes (Albariño, Godello, Treixadura, Loureira, Torrontés, Dona Branca)
22
Q
Monterrei
Subzones
A
- Valle de Monterrei
- Ladera de Monterrei
23
Q
Ribeiro DO
Soils and Climate
A
-
Soil
- mostly sandy/alluvial - terraced sides of river valleys
- granite bedrock - btwn 100 to 350 m
- Maritime influence from the Atlantic Ocean; relatively high rainfall and humidity
24
Q
Ribeiro DO
A
-
Whites (85% production is white wines)
- R: Treixadura
- A: Palomino, Torrontés, Godello, Macabeo, Albillo, Loureira, Albariño
-
Reds:
- R: Caino (aka Caiño Bravo, Caiño Longo)
- A: Garnacha Tintorera (Alicante Bouschet), Ferrón, Sousón, Tempranillo, Brancellao, Mencía
25
Ribeiro DO
Rivers
**4 rivers converge in Ribeiro**
* **Barbatino**
* **Avia**
* **Arnoia**
* **Miño**
26
Monterrei DO
Climate
**Monterrei DO**
* **Very different from the rest of Galicia, more in line with the vineyards of Castilla y Leon to the east**
* **Largely due to the rain shadow effect produced by the Sierra de Larouca mountain range**
* **Inland location makes it warm and dry during summer and very cold in winter**
27
Monterrei DO
Subzones
* **Ledeira de Monterrei** (Slopes of Monterrei)
* **Val de Monterrei** (Monterrei Valley)
28
Monterrei DO
Varieties
* **Blanco - min 60% recommended**
* **R: descending order; Godello (Verdelho), Treixadura, Dona Blanca**
* **A: Albariño, Blanca de Monterrei, Caiño Blanco, Loureira**
* **Red - min 60% recommended**
* **R: Mencía, Merenzao (Trousseau/Bastardo)**
* **A: Caiño Tinto, Sousón, Araúxa (Tempranillo)**
29
Sagardoa
Sagardoa
* Type of cider house found in the Basque Country
* The word sagardotegi is composed of 3 elements:
* sagar "apple" and ardo "wine", yielding sagardo or "cider" and the suffix -tegi which denotes a building where an activity takes place
30
What wines are produced in Basque territory?
* **Rioja (Alavesa)**
* **Txakolina**
31
Which Rias baixas sub favors Treixadura?
**Contado do Tea**
32
Galicia
Southernmost subregion
**Monterrei**
33
Rias Baixas
Northernmost subzone
**Ribeira do Ulla**
34
DO zone closest to the Bay of Biscay
**Bizkaiko Txakolina**
35
Rias Baixas
Red Grapes
* **Caiño**
* **Espadeiro**
* **Mencía**
36
Name the 5 subzones of **Navarra DO**:
37
Subzones of Navarra
* **Tierra Estella**
* **Valdizarbe**
* **Baja Montana**
* first 3 subzones at higher altitudes in the north
* **Ribera Alta**
* in the center of the Navarra zone
* **Ribera Baja**
* in the hot southern sector
38
Where is the *autonomia* of Aragon?
**Aragon**
* east of Rioja and Navarra
39
Name the 4 DOs of **Aragon**:
* **Campo de Borja**
* **Calatayud**
* **Carinena**
* **Somontano**
40
What mountain ranges bracket North Central Spain?
* **Pyranees** (NE)
* **Cantabrias** (NW)
41
What are the DOs of Galicia?
Rias Baixas
Ribeiro
Ribeira Sacra
Valdeorras
Monterrei
42
What are the major grapes of **Rias Baixas**?
**White**: Albariño, plus Loureiro, Treixadura, Caiña Blanca
**Red**: Caiño Tinto, Espadeiro, Loureira Tinta, Sousón
43
What styles are authorized in **Rias Baixas**?
```
Albariño
Blanco
Blanco Barrica (3mos in wood, max 600L)
Blanco with Subzone
Tinto
Espumoso
```
44
What are the varietal requirements for blanco wines with subzone designation?
**Val do Salnés/Ribeira do Ulla**: min. 70% Albariño
**O Rosal**: min. 70% combined Albariño and Loureira
**Condado do Tea**: min. 70% combined Albariño and Treixadura
45
What % of grapes are required for varietal **Albariño**?
**100%**
46
What are the five subzones of **Rias Baixas**?
```
Ribeira do Ulla
Val do Salnés
Soutomaior
Condado do Tea
O Rosal
```
47
**Rias Baixas: Soils by Subzone**
**Val do Salnés, O Rosal, Soutomaior**: alluvial over granite
**Condado do Tea**: granite and slate with granite subsoil
**Ribeira do Ulla**: alluvials
48
What are the major grapes of **Ribeiro DO**?
**Treixadura and Caiño**
49
**Ribeira Sacra DO** is known for what grapes?
**Mencia, Treixadura, Godello**
50
What are the subzones of **Ribeira Sacra**?
```
Chantada
Riberas do Miño
Amandi
Riberas do Sil
Quiroga-Bibei
```
51
What styles are produced in **Valdeorras**? What is it best known for?
**White**: Godello, Dona Branca
**Red**: Mencía, Merenzao, Sousón, Brancellao
Rosado
Varietal Godello and Mencía
**Wines labeled Valdeorras Superior are min. 85% recommended varieties**
**Best known for whites of Godello**
52
Minimum aging for **Crianza in Valdeorras**:
2 years of aging
12mos in wood for red
6mos in wood for white
53
**Valdeorras: Soil types**
Slate, Granite
Calcareous clay, argillo-ferrous
alluvials
54
What are the **three DOs of País Vasco**?
**Bizkaiko
Getariako
Arabako**
55
What are the grapes of **País Vasco**?
```
Hondarribi Zuri (95% of acreage)
Hondarribi Beltza
```
56
What is **Txakoli rosé** known as?
**Ojo de Gallo**
Min. 50% Hondarribi Beltza
57
What are **Rías**?
Small inlets (fjord-like) in Rías Baixas.
58
Moscatel de Grano Menudo is...
Muscat Blanc à Petit Grains
59
What does **Roble indicate in Campo de Borja**?
Aged in oak (max 600L) for:
45 days for whites
90 days for reds
60
What does **Blanco Barrica** indicate on a bottle of wine from **Galicia**?
White wine aged in oak (max 600L) for 3 months
61
What is **Vino Tostado**, and where is it found?
**Wine of dried grapes (Terixadura, Loureiro, or Caiño, Ferrón, plus, plus) from Ribeiro**
Aged at least 6mos in oak or cherry wood.
Dried for a min. 3 months, with a minimum must weight of 300g/L, and RS of 70 g/L.
62
Where would you find a wine labeled **Súmmum**, and what does that imply?
**Ribeira Sacra DO**
For reds:
min. 85% principal red grapes, including min. 60% Mencía (Mencía, Merenzao, Brancellao, Sousón, Caiño Tinto, Tempranillo)
May be varietally labeled Mencía at min. 85%
For whites:
100% principal white grapes (Albariño, Godello, Treixadura, Loureira, Torrontés, Dona Branca)
63
What are the two subzones of **Monterrei**?
**Valle de Monterrei
Ladera de Monterrei**
64
The word rancio indicates what?
An oxidative style of wine, often fortified.
65
When were the first Consejos Reguladores established? for which regions?
1930's
Rioja
Jerez
Malaga
66
What hindered the advancement of wine technology in Spain in the 20th century?
The Facist rule of Francisco Franco.
67
Where is Navarra DO?
Adjacent to Rioja along the North and East borders
68
What is the historical product of Navarra?
Rosado
69
What does roble indicate in Navarra?
90 days in oak (less than 330L), red only
70
What does **Envejecido en Roble** indicate?
**Moscatel Vino de Licor from Navarra**
Aged 24 mos, including 18mos in oak
Same aging requirements for Vino de Licor elsewhere
71
When was the Navarra DO established?
1933
1932 for Cariñena
72
What are the main red varieties of **Navarra DO**?
Tinto: Tempranillo, Garnacha Tinta, Graciano, Mazuelo, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Syrah, Pinot Noir
73
What are the main white grapes for **Navarra DO**?
Blanco: Garnacha Blanca, Viura, Malvasía, Moscatel de grano menudo, Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc
74
What method is required for **Navarra DO Rosado**?
Rosado (Garnacha preferred; Sangrado/Saignée method required)
75
What varietal is used for **Navarra DO Vino de Licor**?
Vino de Licor: Minimum 85% Moscatel
76
Are international varieties authorized in **Navarra DO**?
YES, particularly Cab Sauv, Pinot Noir, and Chardonnay
77
What are the five subzones of **Navarra DO** (North to South)
**Tierra Estella
Valdizarbe
Baja Montaña
Ribera Alta
Ribera Baja**
78
What are the four **DO Pagos of Navarra**?
**Otazu
Prado de Irache
Arínzano
Bolandin**
79
What are the **four DOs of Aragón**?
**Campo de Borja
Calatayud
Cariñena
Somontano**
80
What styles are produced in **Campo de Borja DO** (Aragon)? From what grapes?
Red, rosado of Garnacha and Tempranillo, plus
Whites of Viura, plus
Wines may be dry to sweet, espumoso, vino de licor (VDN), vendemia tardía
81
What are the white grapes of **Cariñena DO** (Aragon)?
**Principal**: Chardonnay, Garnacha Blanca, Macabeo
**Secondary**: Parallada, Moscatel de Alejandría, Sauvignon Blanc, Verdejo, Cariñena Blanc
82
What are the principle red grapes of **Cariñena DO** (Aragon)?
**Principal**: Cariñena (Mazuela), Garnacha Tinta, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Syrah, Tempranillo
**Secondary**: Juan Ibáñez, Monastrell, Vidadillo
83
What are the other requirements of **Cariñena DO**?
Other Requirements:
**Superior** designation indicates min. 85% principal varieties
**Viñas viejas** indicates min. 20 year old vines
**Selección** indicates grapes harvested from selected plots cropped at maximum 7,000 kg/ha
84
Where do we find **Vino de Aguja (semi-sparkling)**?
**Cariñena DO**?
**Calatayud DO**
85
What is the principle soil of **Cariñena DO**
Principal Soils: predominantly **Miocene clay soils**, with gravel, brown limestone, and slate
86
**Cariñena DO** is the indigenous home of what grape?
**Carignan**
87
What is the major soil type of **Calatayud DO** (Aragon)?
**Brown Limestone**
88
What are the special designations for **Calatayud DO**?
**Vino de Aguja** (semi-sparkling)
**"Viñas Viejas"**: old vine designation, wines must come from vineyards of at least 35 years of age
**Calatayud Superior**: min. 85% old vine Garnacha Tinta (min. 50 years of age)
89
What are the authorized white grapes of **Calatayud DO** (Aragon)?
**Blanco: Macabeo, Malvasía, Chardonnay,** Garnacha Blanca, Gewürztraminer, Sauvignon Blanc, Moscatel de Alejandria
90
What are the authorized red grapes of **Calatayud DO** (Aragon)?
**Tinto: Bobal, Cabernet Sauvignon, Garnacha** Tinta, Mazuela, Merlot, Monastrell, Tempranillo, Syrah
91
Aging requirements for **Calatayud Superior**?
**Calatayud Superior: Wines must be aged for a min. 6 months** in new or second use barriques, and they may not be released prior to 10 months after the harvest date.
92
What are the grapes of **Somontano DO**?
**Alcañón (white) and Parraleta (red),** plus internationals
Wines may be dry to sweet, VDN/vino de licor, espumoso
93
What **DO Pago is in Cariñena** (Aragon) ?
**Aylés**
94
Full white grape list for **Somontano DO** (Aragon)?
Blanco: Chardonnay, Gewürztraminer, Garnacha Blanca, Alcañón, Riesling, Sauvignon Blanc, Macabeo
95
Full red grape list for **Somontano DO** (Aragon)?
Tinto: Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Tempranillo, Syrah, Garnacha Tinta, Moristel, Pinot Noir, Parraleta
96
How much rainfall does Galicia receive a year?
Rainfall here is the highest in the country, with parts of Galicia receiving more than 2,000 millimeters per year.
Precipitation drops dramatically just outside Green Spain’s boundaries, with much of the country receiving less than 500 millimeters annually.
Dry-farming remains standard, though irrigation for viticulture was legalized in 1996 in certain circumstances.
97
What is the official document that dictates appellation regulations?
**pliego de condiciones**
98
What are the synonyms for Macabeo?
Viura (Rioja)
Macabeu (Catalonia)
99
Synonyms for Carinena?
Carignan
Mazuela
Crujillón,
Samsó
100
What is a teinturer variety of Spain?
Garnacha Tintorera (Alicante Bouschet)
101
Synonym for **Monastrell**?
**Mourvèdre**
102
What are "Pazos" in Galicia?
as local estates are called, were established, many giving name to the producers who occupy their structures today
103
Much or Rias Baixas is planted on ____:
decomposed granite, called **xabre**, with low water retention that serves the rainy environment well.
104
What river does Soutomaior lie under?
the Verdugo River near the beginning of the wide Ría de Vigo
105
Which two Galicia subzones border Portugal?
O Rosal and Condado do Tea both border Portugal, separated by the Miño River and settling its northern banks.
106
O Rosal subzone is known for what style of Albarino?
A broad, rich style
107
What Galicia subzone contributes to red wine production?
Condado do Tea is the warmest and driest subzone, as well as the largest contributor to red wine production (though still minimal)
108
What are *minifundias* in Rias Baixas?
*minifundias*, small plots of vineyard, on average 0.6 hectares split into approximately four parcels, owned by independent growers
109
How are vines historically trained in Galicia?
Vines are historically trained to a **parral**, or “pergola,” system.
110
What is Ribeiro's **Vino Tostado** most comparable to? (Galicia)
Vin Santo
111
Production method for **Vino Tostado** (Riberio, Galicia)?
Red or white grapes are left to dry for a minimum of three months following harvest in covered rooms with consistent ventilation to avoid rot. They must be dried to a minimum must weight of 350 grams per liter.
112
Min must weight to **Ribeiro's Vino Tostado**?
350 g/L must weight
113
Aging requirements for **Vino Tostado**?
Drying can be performed using various tactics, from hanging the clusters to resting them on shelves or in plastic bins. The wines are then fermented and aged in oak or cherry casks for at minimum six months, followed by a minimum three in bottle before release.
114
Ribeira Sacra forms a crescent shape through the nexus of Galicia’s two major rivers, _____ and ______
the Sil and the Miño
115
Producers within **Ribeira Sacra**?
Guímaro, Algueira, and Dominio do Bibei
116
Most prevalent subzone of **Ribeira Sacra**?
Amandi, which sits at the appellation’s center on the steep northern slopes of the Sil, is most historic and most often viewed as highest in quality.
117
What river flows through Valdeorras (valley of gold)?
the Sil River
118
Valdeorras is often associated with what stone?
the region is largely associated with slate, not only in terms of winegrowing but also for roof tiles, an important export.
119
What grapes can be varietally labelled in Valdeorras DO?
Only Mencía (min. 85%) and Godello (min. 100%)
120
Otazu, Prado de Irache, and Arinzano are all Vinho de Pago from ______________ .
Navarra
121
What is the annual rainfall in Navarra in mm/in.?
720 mm
28.34 in.
122
Chantada, ___________, and Ribeiras do Sil are subzones of Ribeira Sacra.
Ribeiras do Mino, Amandi or Quiroga-Bibei
123
What Galician wine is aged for a min. Of 3 months, and has a dried, oxidized profile similar to Vin Santo?
Please name two regions where you can find this wine.
Vina Tostado- more prominently produced in Ribeiro, but can be found/produced in Valdeorras.
124
Earliest records of winemaking in Galicia linked to which current DO?
Monterrei
125
Which Galician DO is furthest south and is where you can find the Tamega River?
Monterrei
126
Which subzone of Rias Baixas is the warmest and driest?
Condado do Tea
127
Which two subzones of Rias Baixas are on the Minho river?
O Rosal, Condado do Tea
128
Which subzone of Rias Baixas is not allowable to list on a label?
Soutomaior
129
Which subzone of Rias Baixas accounts for more than half of the plantings in Galicia, is the coolest, wettest, most historic, and has marked salinity in its wines?
Val do Salnes
130
Place these Galician DO in order from West (1) to East (4)
Ribeira Sacra
Rias Baixas
Valdeorras
Ribeiro
131
What is Xabre?
Decomposed granite soil of Galicia that drains well
132
What is the range of annual rainfall in Galicia?
1200-1800mm
133
What is the Spanish DO for Cider?
Sides de Asturias DOP
134
Name two producers for the DO above for Spanish Cider:
Riestra, El Carrascu, Mayador
135
What are the first 3 DOs?
Ribero
Carinena
Valdepena
136
What are the min % of Albarino required in subzones of Rias Baixas?
70% Albarino
O Rosal 70% Albarino + Loureina
Condado de Tea 70%
137
What is min alcohol required for 100% Albarino wines in Rias Baixas:
11.3%
138
What is the style of Tostado wine? Abv? And aging requirements?
Naturally sweet wines
Min 20.6%, 13% acquired
Min 6 months in oak or cherry cask, at least 3 months in btl
139
What is the decomposed granite soil called in Rias Baixas?
Xabre
140
What is the variety requirement for Navarra Vino de Licor?
Min 85% Moscatel
141
What is the method of Navarra rose?
Saignee
142
What are the newest Vino de Pagos in 2022?
Dehesa Penalba - Castilla y leon
Boladin - Navarra
Abadia-Retuerta - Castill y Leon
143
What is the cold wind blowing from north in Aragon?
Cierzo
144
What are the 4 autonomia included in Rioja DOCa?
La Rioja
Basque Country
Navarra
Castilla y Leon
145
For Rioja single vineyard, how long is the history of single vineyard (Vineo Singular( is required and what is the vine age?
10 years of history of working vineyard
35 years of vine age
146
What are the vino Espumoso Calidad Aging requirements?
Vino Espumosa Calidad; min 15 months on lees
Vino Espumosa Calidad Riserva; min 24 months on lees
Vino Espumosa Calidad Gran Anada; min 36 months on lees
147
What is the variety requirement for Navarra Vino de Licor?
Min 85% Moscatel
148
What is a "Kalimotxo? What region of Spain does it hail from?
A Red wine and coke cocktail from Basque Country.
A storage mishap resulted in a case of red wine developing a on off flavour. To save the festival, they mixed the wine with cola and it sparked the revival of what has since been known as the Kalimotxo.The drink was named after one of the festival organizers Kalimero who was called "Kali" by his friends. He was also considered ugly so they added the word “moxto” meaning “ugly” to the end naming the drink the “Ugly Kali” or Kalimotxo.
149
What is the stylistic difference between Tondonia and Bosconia?
The Tondonia red Gran Reservas are revered for their complex fruit and their structure. Though the grape make-up varies from vintage to vintage, a typical blend is about 75% Tempranillo, with the balance Mazuelo and Graciano.
The Bosconia red Gran Reservas typically spend a year less in wood and are made from a higher percentage of Tempranillo. Bosconias tend to be bigger, softer and earthier than Tondonias.
150
What is the Cepage of the Vina Tondonia White?
Made from 85% Viura and aged for a minimum of six years in old barrels, they have a distinctive opulence and richness that increases as the wines age, bringing out notes of honey, butterscotch, and hazelnut.
151
Who Makes "Castillo y Gay" and where is it sourced?
Marques de Murrieta, Castillo Ygay is always made from the best grapes sourced from La Plana, a 40-hectare (98-acre) vineyard, planted in 1950 and located at 485 meters above sea level, in the highest area of Ygay State, a 300-hectare estate in Rioja Alta
152
How does Vina Ardanza differ from La Rioja Altas other wines?
There is about 25% Garnacha in the blend.
153
What is the ageing requirement to be labeld , "Reserva" in Spain?
Reserva' must be aged for 3 years with a minimum of 6 months of that time in oak barrels.
154
Which Rias Baixas subzone must produce wines from 100% Albarino
Soutomaior
155
What is the northernmost subzone of Rias Baixas
Ribeira do Ulla
156
Chantada, Amandi, and Ribeiras do Sil are subzones of which DO
Ribeira Sacra
157
Which river crosses DO Valdeorras from east to west
The Sil River
158
Main city home to Spain’s top, most awarded restaurants?
San Sebastián (Basque country), 9 michelin star restaurants
159
Where would you find **xabre** soils? Briefly describe it.
Rias Baixas; decomposed granite that has low water retention- perfect for a rainy environment
160
What are the requirements for Calatayud Superior wines?
Min. 85% old vine Garnacha (vines must be at least 50 years old)
161
