North America Flashcards
Where does the U.S. rank in wine production in the world?
4th largest
Where does the U.S. rank in acreage of land under vine?
6th highest
90% of all American wine is produced from which state?
California
When did the US surpass France in wine consumption?
2011
Name 3 native species of grapevine in North America
Vitis labrusca
Vitis rotundifolia
Vitis aestivalis
What is an example of a Vitis labrusca variety?
the Concord grape
What is an example of a Vitis rotundifolia variety?
the Scuppernong grape
What is an example of a Vitis aestivalis variety?
the Norton grape
When was the Mission grape introduced to Mexico?
in the early 1500s
What monks brought the mission grape to California?
Franciscan monks
When did George Yount arrive to Napa and plant his first vineyard?
1839
When was California annexed from Mexico?
1847
When did Agoston Haraszthy arrive in Sonoma?
1849
What winery did Agoston Haraszthy in Sonoma?
Buena Vista, one of california’s oldest commercial wineries
Who is known as the “father of California wine”?
Agoston Haraszthy
How many different varieties is Agoston Haraszthy credited with bringing to California?
over 300
How did Agoston Haraszthy die?
He MAY have been eaten by an alligator in the jungles of Nicaragua
When and where did Charles Krug establish his winery?
1861 in St. Helena
What is the oldest winery in Napa?
Charles Krug
When was Schramsberg established?
1862
What is the oldest continuously operating winery in Napa?
Beringer
When was Beringer established?
1876
Who established Inglenook Winery in 1880?
Gustav Niebaum
When was phylloxera discovered in Napa and Sonoma?
the early 1870s
How long did phylloxera affect Napa and Sonoma?
1870s-1890s
Who is credited for discovering resistance to phylloxera in American rootstocks?
Charles Valentine Riley, a Missouri entomologist
What amended started Prohibition?
the 18th amendment
What amendment ratified Prohibition?
the 21st amendment
When was the American prohibition?
1920 - December 5, 1933
What did congress pass in 1919 to start prohibition?
the Volstead Act
Who did Georges de Latour hire as winemaker of Beaulieu in 1938?
Andre Tchelistcheff, a russian winemaker trained in France
What famous wine did Andre Tchelistcheff introduce from Beaulieu Winery?
the Georges de Latour Private Reserve Cabernet Sauvignon
Who is dubbed the “dean of American winemakers”?
Andre Tchelistcheff
Name 4 of Andre Tchelistcheff’s most famous students
Robert Mondavi
Louis Mondavi
Joe Heitz
Mike Grgich
When was the first harvest for Robert Mondavi Winery?
1966
What year did table wines surpass fortified wines in America?
1967
When did Robert Mondavi introduce his Fume Blanc bottling?
1968
Name 3 early modern pioneers in Sonoma
Hanzell
Martin Ray
Simi
Who is the famous winemaker of Monte Bello (Ridge)
Paul Draper
When did Paul Draper take over Monte Bello (Ridge)?
1969
When was the first vintage of Mount Eden Vineyards?
1972
What is Monterey’s oldest commercial vineyard?
Chalone Vineyard
When was Chalone Vineyard established?
1960
Who established the Sanford & Benedict Vineyard in 1970?
Richard Sanford
Where is Sanford & Benedict vineyard located?
in Santa Babara’s Santa Ynez Hills
What was Dr. Konstantin Frank’s job before becoming a winemaker?
he was a janitor at Cornell University
When was Dr. Konstantin Franks’s Vinifera Wine Cellars founded?
1962
When did David Lett first plant Pinot Noir grapes in the Willamette valley?
1965
What winery is associated with David Lett?
Eyrie Vineyard
Who organized the 1976 Judgement of Paris?
Steven Spurrier
What were the winning red and white wines of the 1976 Judgement of Paris?
1973 Stag’s Leap Cabernet Sauvignon
1973 Chateau Montelena Chardonnay
What was the first Napa valley wine to sell for more than $100 at release?
1978 Diamond Creek Cabernet Sauvignon
Name 3 examples of cult producers in Napa
Screaming Eagle
Colgin
Harlan Estate
When was the first AVA established in America?
1980
What was America’s first AVA?
Augusta AVA in Missouri
When was the Napa Valley AVA established?
1981
What government agency oversees the AVA system?
the Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB)
When was the Calistoga AVA approved by the TTB?
2009
If a label lists an AVA, whats the min. % of grapes used to produce the wine must have originated from the stated region?
min. 85%
If a label lists by country/state/county, whats the min. % of grapes used to produce the wine must have originated from the stated region?
min. 75%
If a label lists a single vineyard, whats the min. % of grapes used to produce the wine must have originated from the stated single vineyard?
min. 95%
What % of a wine labeled with an AVA must come from the stated vintage?
min. 95%
What % of a wine labeled with a state or county must come from the stated vintage?
min. 85%
What is the min. % of a stated variety for American varietal wines?
min. 75%
What % of a wine labeled Estate Bottle must come from land owned or controlled by the winery in the US?
100%
California is divided into what 4 large AVAs?
North Coast
Central Coast
South Coast
Sierra Foothills
What % of California’s wine is sourced from the Central Valley?
75%
What are the requirements for a wine to be labeled “Meritage”
has to be a blend
no grape can make up more than 90% of a blend
can be red or white
must be produced from Bordeaux varieties
What are the 6 counties covered in the North Coast AVA?
Napa
Sonoma
Mendocino
Lake
Solano
Marin
What % of California’s vineyards are located in Napa Valley?
4%
How many sub-AVAs are located in Napa Valley AVA?
16
What is the name of the area that cool ocean air funnels into Napa?
The Petaluma Gap
What body of water is south of Napa Valley?
San Pablo Bay
What is the southernmost AVA in Napa?
Carneros
What is the northernmost AVA in Napa?
Calistoga
What is the altitude range in Napa valley?
zero to 2,000 ft above sea level
What mountain range is west of Napa Valley?
Mayacamas Mountains
What mountain range is east of Napa Valley?
Vaca Mountains
What are the 3 main types of soils in Napa Valley?
Volcanic
Alluvial
Maritime soils
What was the first sub-appellation established in Napa Valley?
Howell Mountain AVA
Why are valley floor Cabernets from Napa more elegant and supple than mountside AVAs?
The top soil is deeper.
*the mountainside AVAs are losing topsoil to erosion
What AVA in Napa exemplifies the valley floor style?
Rutherford AVA
Where would you most likely find Pinot Noir in Napa Valley?
Carneros
What is the northernmost AVA in Sonoma?
Pine Mountain-Cloverdale Peak AVA
What soil characterizes Russian River Valley?
Goldridge sandy loam soils
Name 3 trademark Sonoma Coast Producers
Hirsch
Marcassin
Peay
Name 4 trademark Russian River Valley Producers
Dehlinger
Joseph Swan
Rochioli
William-Selyem
Name 3 trademark Green Valley of Russian River Valley producers
Kosta Browne
Freeman
Iron Horse
Who is a famous sparkling house in Green Valley of Russian River Valley?
Iron Horse
What is the warmest AVA in Sonoma?
Knights Valley
Alexander Valley Cabernets vs Napa Cabernets
Alexander Valley Cabernets tend be more herbacous and have less body than Napa Cabernets
What are Dry Creek Valley and Rockpile AVAs known for?
ripe, powerful styles of Zinfandel usually aged in American or French oak
What is the main variety in Bennett Valley AVA?
Merlot
*it is too cool to routinely ripen Cabernet Sauvignon
Who was the pioneer of American Sparkling wine in Carneros?
Gloria Ferrer
Mendocinos best winegrowing regions are located between what 2 rivers?
Russian River
Navarro River
What are the 7 sub-AVAs of Mendocino AVA?
Anderson Valley
Potter Valley
Redwood Valley
McDowell Valley
Yorkville Highlands
Cole Ranch
(a portion of) Mendocino Ridge
Cole Ranch AVA is a monopole of what producer in Mendocino?
Esterlina
McDowell Valley AVA is a monopole of what producer in Mendocino?
McDowell Valley Winery
What Champagne house established an American sparkling house in Anderson Valley?
Louis Roederer
What is the smallest wine-producing county in the North Coast AVA
Lake County
How many AVAs are in Lake County?
7
What is the most prominent AVA in Lake County?
Clear Lake AVA
What are the 2 major vineyards in the Santa Cruz Mountains AVA?
Ridge’s Monte Bello
the original Bonny Doon Estate vineyard
Where would you find Sauvignon Blanc in Central Coast California?
Livermore Valley AVA
Who is the most notable producer from Livermore Valley?
Wente
What AVA is Garys’ Vineyard located in?
Santa Lucia Highlands AVA (Central Coast)
What AVA is Calera located in?
Mount Harlan AVA (within San Benito County)
What county is Paso Robles located in?
San Luis Obispo County
How many AVAs are located in Paso Robles?
11
What valley does cool air pass through to Paso Robles?
the Templeton Gap
What river runs through Paso Robles?
the Salinas River
Who planted the first commercial Syrah vines in Paso Robles?
Gary Eberle
What CDP chateau owns the Tablas Creek nursery?
Chateau Beaucastel
Name 3 AVAs in San Luis Obispo other than Paso Robles
York Mountain
Arroyo Grande
Edna Valley
Where does the California coastline start to bend east-west?
Point Conception
What are the 2 mountain ranges in Santa Barbara?
San Rafael Mountains
Santa Ynez Mountains
What are the 2 main AVAs of Santa Barbara County?
Santa Maria Valley AVA
Santa Ynez Valley AVA
What are the 4 AVAs within the Santa Ynez Valley?
Sta. Rita Hills
Happy Canyon of Santa Barbara
Ballard Canyon
Los Olivos District
What AVA is the Bien Nacido Vineyard located within?
Santa Maria Valley AVA
The Central Valley in California is divided into what 2 regions (north to south)
Sacramento Valley
San Joaquin Valley
What is the most important AVA in the Central Valley AVA?
Lodi
What % of California’s grape production is made in Lodi?
20%
What central valley AVA was the heart of the 19th century Gold rush?
Sierra Foothills AVA
What are the 5 sub-zones of Sierra Foothills AVA?
Fair Play
El Dorado
Fiddletown
North Yuba
California Shenandoah Valley
What state is the 2nd largest produce of premium wines in America?
Washington State
Washington’s vineyards are found east of what mountain range?
the Cascade Mountains
Vineyards in eastern Washington are generally planted in what 2 kinds of soils?
sandy or silty loam soils
What is the largest appellation in Washington State?
Columbia Valley AVA
What was Washington’s first AVA?
Yakima Valley AVA (1983)
What are the 3 AVAs within Yakima Valley AVA?
Snipes Mountain
Rattlesnack Hills
Red Mountain
What is the warmest, smallest, and most densly planted AVA in Washington?
Red Mountain
What are the 3 best quality AVAs in Washington?
Yakima Valley
Red Mountain
Walla Walla Valley
What is the soil composition like in Walla Walla Valley?
thin alluvial top soils
loess is everywhere
basalt bedrock
What AVA in Oregon has similar galets soils as Chateauneuf-du-Pape?
the Rocks of Milton-Freewater
What are the 2 most planted varieties in Washington?
Cabernet Sauvignon
Merlot
What are the 3 AVAs that Oregon and Washington State share? (East to West)
Walla Walla Valley
Columbia Valley
Columbia Gorge
How many miles long is the Willamette Valley?
120 miles southward from Portland
The Willamette Valley is located between what 2 mountain ranges?
Coastal Range
Cascade Mountains
Who was the first to plant Pinot Noir in the Willamette Valley?
David Lett of Eyrie Vineyards
Which AVA is Domaine Drouhin Oregon located?
Dundee Hills AVA
When did Maison Joseph Drouhin purchase land in Dundee Hills?
197
What are the 6 original smaller AVAs within Willamette Valley?
Dundee Hills
Eola-Amity Hills
Ribbon Ridge
McMinnville
Yamhill-Carlton District Chehalem Mountains
What is the newest AVA within Willamette Valley?
Van Duzer Coridor AVA (2018)
What are the 2 main soils of the Willamette Valley?
Jory well drained soils
Willakenzie marine sedimentary soils
What AVA is associated with Jory soils?
Dundee Hills AVA
What AVA is associated with Willakenzie soils?
Ribbon Ridge AVA
Where does cool Pacific wind funnel through in the Willamette Valley?
the Van Duzer Coridor
What 2 AVAs are most impacted by the Van Duzer Coridor winds?
McMinnville
Eola-Amity Hills
What are 5 AVAs within Southern Oregon AVA?
Umpqua Valley
Elkton Oregon
Rogue Valley
Applegate Valley
Red Hill Douglas County
What is the warmest and driest AVA in Oregon?
Applegate Valley AVA
What AVA is shared with Oregon an Idaho?
Snake River Valley AVA
What is the min % of Pinot Noir or Pinot Gris in an Oregon Varietal wine?
90% vs the standard american 75%
What % of a wine from an AVA in Oregon must come from the stated AVA?
95% rather than the 85% mandated by federal law
What are the 2 sub-AVAs of Long Island AVA?
North Fork of Long Island
The Hamptons, Long Island
90% of New York wine is made from what region?
The Finger Lakes
Niagara is an American cross of what 2 grapes?
Concord
Cassady
What is the largest demarcated appellation in America?
The Upper Mississippi River Valley AVA
What does VQA stand for?
Vintners’ Quality Alliance
What is the appellation system called in Canada?
VQA
When was the VQA established?
1988
Where are VQA standards legally enforced?
Ontario
*BC voluntarily follows VQA standards
In Canada, what % of a wine must come from the stated province?
100%
In British Columbia VQA, what % of wine must come from the stated appellation?
95%
In Ontario VQA, what % of wine must come from the stated appellation?
85% for regional appellations
100% for sub-appellations
What % of a wine labeled as a single vineyard in Canada must come from the stated vineyard?
100%
What % of a wine from Canada must come from the stated vintage (exception being sparkling wine)?
85%
What % of varietal wines from Canada must contain the stated variety?
85%
What are the 3 main appellations within Ontario VQA
Niagara Peninsula
Lake Erie North Shore
Prince Edward County
What are the 2 sub-appellations of Niagara Peninsula VQA?
Niagara Escarpment
Niagara-on-the-Lake
What is the famous producer of Icewine in Niagara Peninsula?
Inniskillin
When must producers in Canada declare their intent to make Icewine?
In November
When must canadian icewine grapes be harvested?
at night
What is the min. temperature for icewine grapes in Canada to be picked at?
-8° C
How many VQAs are in British Columbia?
10
What is the northernmost VQA in Canada?
Okanagan Valley VQA in BC
What % of British Columbian wine comes from Okanagan Valley?
82%
What 2 mountain ranges are in the Okanagan Valley?
the Cascades &
Monashee Mountains
Who produces Cuvee Arthur?
Domaine Drouhin Oregon
Who produces Cuvee J?
Evesham Wood
Who produces Upper Terrace?
Beaux Freres
Who produces Sigrid?
Bergstrom
Hames Valley, Chalone, and Arroyo Seco are AVAs in which California county?
Monterrey
Lake, Solano, and Marin Counties are within what AVA?
North Coast
Mills Vineyard is associated with which producer?
Calera
Kronos Vineyard is associated with which producer?
Corison
Clos du Ciel Vineyard is associated with which producer?
Peter Michael
Lake Vineyard is associated with which producer?
Diamond Creek
Which AVA is the Savoy vineyard located?
Anderson Valley
Which AVA is the Sanford & Benedict located?
Sta. Rita Hills
Which AVA is the Bien Nacido vineyard located?
Santa Maria Valley
Which AVA is Gap’s Crown vineyard located?
Sonoma Coast
