Burgundy Flashcards
What are the 4 French departements goes Burgundy’s vineyards span?
Yonne
Cote d’Or
Saône-et-Loire
Rhone
How long is the Cote d’Or?
60 km/37 miles
from Dijon to Maranges
What is the average width of the vineyards of Cote d’Or?
1 km/.62 mile
How far away is chablis from the Cote d’Or?
130 km/80 miles
(1 ½ hr drive) northwest of Dijon
What is Burgundy’s largest white wine region?
Chablis
What are the 4 communes of the Grand Auxerrois?
Vézelay
Irancy
Tonnerre
Joigny
What is the second largest white wine region in Burgundy?
Maconnais
What is the geographical landmark of the Maconnais?
The Rock of Solutre
What latitudes is Burgundy located in between?
46-48° latitude
Which Cote d’Or Village is located at the 47th parallel?
Volnay
What is the wettest month in Burgundy?
May
What are the major concerns for vignerons in Burgundy in May?
mildew and rot
Average sunshine hours for the growing season in Burgundy?
1,300 hours
What’s the average temperature in July-August in Burgundy?
20° C (68° F)
How many degrees higher are the temperature in the Saône-et-Loire département than the Côte d’Or?
1-2° C
Are Chardonnay and Pinot Noir early or late ripening varietals?
early
What’s the timeline of Burgundy’s growing season?
budbreak - late April
flowering - mid June
veraison - early August
harvest - end of September
What is the most planted grape in Burgundy?
Chardonnay (15,233 ha as of 2011)
What is Chardonnay known as in the Yonne departement?
Beaunois
What is Chardonnay a natural crossing of?
Pinot x Gouais Blanc
⅓ of Burgundy’s vineyards are planted to what grape?
Pinot Noir
What is Gamay’s full name?
Gamay Noir à Jus Blanc
Gamay is a sibling of what grape?
Chardonnay
What year did Philip the Bold ban Gamay from the Cote d’Or?
1395
Which commune in the Cote Chalonnaise is produces varietal Aligote?
Bouzeron
What is the grape of Saint-Bris AOP?
Sauvignon Blanc
What is the green-skinned mutation of Pinot Noir?
Pinot Blanc
What is Pinot Gris known as in Burgundy?
Pinot Beurot
What % of Burgundy’s wine is Regionale level?
50%
What % of Burgundy’s wine is Grand Cru?
2%
What 4 lieux-dits may append their name to Bourgogne AOP?
La Chapelle Notre Dame
Le Chapitre
Côte St-Jacques
Montrecul
What cocktail is Aligote traditionally used in?
Kir cocktail
What is in a Kir Cocktail?
Aligote
Creme de Cassis
How much Pinot Noir and Gamay (respectively) must co0fermented up Bourgogne Passe-Tout-Grains AOP?
min 30% PN
min 15% Gamay
What kind of wines are made if labeled as Bourgogne Mousseux AOP?
traditional method sparkling red wines
very rare
What year did Cremant de Bourgogne AOP debut?
1975
Which commune in Burgundy produces the most Cremant wine?
Rully (birthplace of Cremant de Bourgogne)
How many grand crus are located in the Cote d’Or?
32
What is the smallest AOP in France?
La Romanee Grand Cru AOP (.85 ha)
What is the largest Grand Cru in Burgundy?
Corton AOP (160 ha)
What is the highway that runs parallel down the Cote d’Or?
D974 (RN74 formerly)
What is the difference between Lutte Raisonnee vs Lutte Integree?
Lutte Raisonnee - limiting chemicals only when necessary
Lutte Integree - use of natural instead of synthetic sprays or other methods
Who was the first estate in the Cote d’Or to adopt biodynamic viticulture?
Domaine Jean-Claude Rateau in 1979
Name 2 producers in Burgundy associated with cold maceration
Henri Jayer
Domaine Jean Grivot
What temperatures are red grapes kept on their skins during cold maceration?
10-14° C/50-57° F
What are the 3 main effects of cold soaking?
extracting color
softens tannins
enhances aromatics
Which producer in Burgundy is notably against cold maceration?
Jeremy Seysses (Domaine Dujac)
What’s the main effects of whole-cluster fermentation
raises pH level (potassium in the stems) Cooler fermentation lighter color slight carbonic notes firmer tannins
What are the pros and cons of whole-bunch pressing when making white wine?
pros: produces cleaner, less phenolic must
slightly lower pH
cons: possible premox
What is the purpose of batonnage?
to reduce reduction in the barrel
enhance leesy aromatics
What is the French word for length of aging for wine?
élevage
How long does good white burgundy age in barrel before bottling?
after a year
How long are the best red Burgundy aged in oak?
15-18 months
What is the preferred toast levels of barrels in Burgundy?
Medium toast
Who in Gevrey-Chambertin uses high-toast oak?
Domaine Joseph Roty
Who is the favorite cooperage in the Cote d’Or?
Francois Freres (St-Romain)
What is the French word for Cooperage?
tonnellerie
What is the traditional barrel size in the Cote d’Or?
228-liter pièce
What sizes of barrel are becoming more common for White Burgundy?
350 and 400 L barrels
What do larger barrels do to a wine?
reduces surface exposure to wood
leaves less of an oaky flavors
What two producers in the Cote de Beaune prefer 350 L barrels?
PYCM
Henri Boillot
What river that runs through Chablis?
Serein River
What are the 3 appellations of Chablis?
Petit Chablis AOP
Chablis AOP
Chablis Grand Cru AOP
When were 1er crus added to Chablis AOP?
1967
When was Chablis AOC established?
1938
What soils are associated with Chablis AOP?
Kimmeridgian Marl
What is Kimmeridgian Marl?
chalky clay and limestone with tiny oyster shell fossils from the Upper Jurassic Epoch
Where is Kimmeridgian Marl named after?
the village of Kimmeridge in Dorset, UK where it was discovered
What soil is associated with Petit Chablis?
Portlandian limestone
What is Portlandian limestone?
hard cap-rock with less clay than kimmeridgian marl that has no fossils
When was Petit Chablis established?
1944
Name the 7 (+1 unofficial) lieux dits of Chablis Grand Cru (east to west)
Blanchot Les Clos Valmur Les Grenouilles Vaudesir (La Moutonne unofficial) Preuses Bourgos
Which two vineyards is La Moutonne inbetween?
Vaudesir
Preuses
La Moutonne is a monopole of which producer?
Domaine Long-Depaquit
Minimum potential alcohol requirements for Chablis AOP vs Chablis Grand Cru
10% -> 11%
Maximum base yields for Chablis AOP vs Chablis Grand Cru AOP
60 hl/h -> 54 hl/ha
When may Chablis Grand Cru wines be released?
January 1st of the second year after harvest
How many total 1er crus are in Chablis?
40
What are the 3 major 1er crus on the right bank of the Serein?
Montee de Tonnerre
Mont de Milieu
Fourchaume
Name 3 top producers of Montee de Tonnerre
Raveneau
Patrick Piuze
Billaud-Simon
Name the 2 most important left bank 1er crus of the Serein
Vaillons
Montmains
Name 5 trademark producers of Chablis
Domaine Rene & Vincent Dauvissat Domaine Raveneau Domaine Louis Michel Christian Moreau Domaine Pattes Loup
What are combes?
small valleys at the edge of the Haut-Cote made from melted permafrost during the ice age
Where are the 4 major combes located in the cote d’or?
Marsannay
Gevrey-Chambertin
Chambolle-Musigny
Nuits-St.Georges
What are the differences between the combes in the Cote de Nuits vs Cote de Beaune?
they are narrower and deeper in Nuits than Beaune
How do the combes affect the terroir in Burgundy?
moves cool air down the slope
diversified the soils
What is the newest Cote de Nuits appellations?
Marsannay (1987)
Which Cote d’Or appellation allows red, white and rose wines?
Marsannay
What is the topsoil of Marsannay?
silt, gravel and clay due to the large combe
Name 2 top producers in Marsannay
Sylvain Pataille
Bruno Clair
Name a classic producer in Fixin
Domaine Berthaut (Amelie Berthaut)
What is the only white only 1er cru in Fixin?
Domaine de la Perrière monopole ‘Clos de la Perrière’
What are the 9 Grand Crus of Gevrey-Chambertin? (N-S)
Mazis-Chambertin
Ruchottes-Chambertin
Chambertin-Clos de Beze
Chapelle-Chambertin
Griotte-Chambertin
Chambertin
Charmes-Chambertin
Latricieres-Chambertin
Mazoyeres-Chambertin
What is Cote d’Or’s largest appellation?
Gevrey-Chambertin AOP
What are the top 2 grand crus of Gevrey-Chambertin?
Clos de Beze
Chambertin
What are the top three 1er crus of Gevrey-Chambertin?
Clos St. Jacques
Combe de Laval
Lavaux St. Jacques
Which 1er cru in Gevrey-Chambertin is surrounded by grand crus?
Aux Combottes
Name 2 Producers of Aux Combottes
Domaine Hubert Lignier
Domaine Dujac
Which Grand Cru in Gevrey-Chambertin is more like Chambolle-Musigny wines?
Griotte-Chambertin
What does Griotte mean in French?
sour cherry
Describe Gevrey-Chambertin wines
darker, more purple color
darker fruit character, savory, gamey
dense structure, elevated tannins, and good acidity
Name 6 producers of Gevrey Chambertin
Domaine Armand Rousseau Domaine Fourrier Philippe Pacalet Claude Dugat Denis Mortet Joseph Roty
What is the only 1er cru Aligote appellation in Morey-St-Denis?
Domaine Ponsot ‘Clos des Monts Luisants’
Name the 5 Grand Crus of Morey St. Denis
Clos de La Roche Clos St. Denis Clos de Lambrays Clos de Tart Bonnes Mares
Describe Morey St Denis wines
elegant, ethereal as chambolle
less structured and brawny as Gevrey
Clos de La Roche vs Clos St. Denis
CdLR -> spicier and warmer site
CsD -> cooler site, more elegant and floral
Name 5 classic producers from Morey-St-Denis
Domaine Dujac Domaine Ponsot Domaine des Lambrays Cecile Tremblay Hubert Lignier
Which classic producer from Morey-St-Denis doesn’t use new oak on their wines?
Domaine Ponsot
What is the name of the Combe that Chambolle-Musigny is located in?
Combe de Chamboeuf
What are the 2 Grand Crus of Chambolle-Musigny?
Bonnes Mares
Musigny
What is the “super second” 1er cru of Chambolle-Musigny?
Les Amoureuses
What are the top five 1er crus of Chambolle-Musigny ?
Les Amoureuses Les Fuées Les Gruenchers Les Charmes Le Combe d’Orveau
Name the top 4 classic producers of Chambolle-Musigny
Domaine Georges Roumier
Domaine Jacques-Frederic Mugnier
George Comte de Vogue
Ghislaine Barthod
What are the soils in northern vs southern Bonnes Mares?
North - Terre Rouge (brownish red clay)
South - Terre Blanche (limestone rich marl)
What is unique about Domaine Georges Roumier Bonnes Mares?
Christophe Roumier vinifies northern and southern parcels separately and then blends them together
What are the 2 most elegant crus of Chambolle-Musigny?
Les Fuées
Les Cras
What is unique about the location of 1ers Les Fuées and Les Cras in Chambolle-Musigny?
they are located on the northern part of the combe de Chambolle facing south-east
Describe Chambolle-Musigny wines
epitome of ethereal and elegant expression of Burgundy
Who produces the most delicate wines from Chambolle-Musigny?
Domaine Jacques-Frederic Mugnier
Who produces the most powerful wines from Chambolle-Musigny?
Domaine Georges Roumier
What was Frederic Mugnier’s job before winemaking?
he was an oil engineer and an airline pilot
What is the largest Grand Cru in the Cote de Nuits?
Clos Vougeot (50 ha/123 acres)
How many producers own land in Clos Vougeot?
80
Name 3 great producers of Clos de Vougeot?
Domaine Leroy
Domaine Anne Gros
Domaine Mugneret-Gibourg
What is Domaine Anne Gross’ Clos Vougeot called?
La Grand Maupertui
located just below Grand Echezeaux
Who are the 2 sisters of Mugneret-Gibourg?
Marie-Christine
Marie-Andrée
What are the 6 Grand Crus of Vosne-Romanée?
Richebourg La Romanée Romanée-St-Vivant Romanée Conti La Grand Rue La Tache
Name the top 8 premiere crus of Vosne-Romanée (north to south)
Beaux Monts
Aux Brûlée
Les Suchots
Cros Parantoux
Petit monts
Aux Reignots
Gaudichots
Malconsorts
What are the 3 best value to quality 1er crus of Vosne-Romanee up the slope from the Grand Crus?
Cros Parantoux (Meo-Camuzet, Rouget) Petits Monts (Drouhin) Aux Reignots (Liger-Belair)
What is the style of Vosne-Romanee 1er ‘Les Suchots’
richer, full bodied expression
heavier soils on the lower end of the slope and less influence from the Combe de Concoeur
What are the two 1er crus up the slope from Les Suchots?
Beaux Monts (angular and tannic) Aux Brulees (meaty, structured)
Name 2 great producers of Aux Brulees
Domaine Leroy
Meo-Camuzet
Which 1er cru in Vosne-Romanee is considered close to grand cru quality?
Malconsorts (Between La Tache and Nuits-St-Georges)
What is the style of Malconsorts?
voluptuous, deep and structured
Name 2 top producers of Vosne-Romanee 1er ‘Malconsorts’
Domaine Dujac
Domaine Hubert de Montille
Name 3 whole cluster producers in Vosne-Romanee
DRC
Domaine Leroy
Domaine Dujac
Name 2 destemmed style producers in Vosne-Romanee
Liger-Belair
Meo-Camuzet
Name the top 5 producers in Vosne-Romanee
DRC Domaine du Comte Liger-Belair Domaine Leroy Domaine Meo-Camuzet Domaine Georges Mugneret-Gibourg
What are the two grand crus of Flagey-Echezeaux?
Echezeaux
Grand Echezeaux
Which is considered a finer source of wine: Echezeaux or Grand Echezeaux?
the smaller Grand Echezeaux
What are the 4 monopoles of Vosne-Romanee?
La Romanée - Comte Liger-Belair
Romanée-St-Vivant - DRC
Romanée Conti - DRC
La Grand Rue - Francois Lamarche
How many 1er crus are in Nuits-St-Georges?
27
Name 2 top north end 1er crus of Nuits-St-Georges
Aux Boudots
Aux Chaignots
Name 2 top south end 1er crus of Nuits-St-Georges
Vaucrains
Les Saint-Georges
Northern vs Southern Nuits St-Georges wines
north is more elegant with polished tannins
south is more structured with more rustic tannins
Difference in soil in Northern vs Southern Nuits-St-Georges
north - finer grain soil
south - larger, rockier soils
Name 3 top producers of Nuits-St-Georges
Domaine Henri Gouges
Domaine Prieure Roch
Domaine Robert Chevillon
What are the 3 communes of the hill Corton?
Ladoix-Serrigny
Aloxe-Corton
Pernand-Vergelesses
What is the size of Corton-Charlemagne Grand Cru AOP?
50 ha/123 acres (Same size as Clos Vougeot)
What are the 2 principal sites of Corton Charlemagne?
en Charlemange (Pernand-Vergelesses) le Charlemagne (Aloxe-Corton)
En vs le Charlemagne
en -> west - northwest facing vineyards, ripens late, makes racy mineral driven wines
le -> west - southwest facing vineyards, riper, more opulent style
What are the 6 named plots within Corton Grand Cru?
les Bressandes
Les Perrieres
Les Pougets
Les Renardes
Le Corton
Clos du Roi
Which plot on Corton is considered the best?
Clos du Roi
Describe Red Corton
bony
structured
powerful and concentrated
Which Grand Cru in Burgundy has the least amount of top-soil?
Corton-Charlemagne
How are Corton-Charlemagne wines described as?
very austere
mineral driven
chewy, resinous texture
Top 3 producers of Corton
Bonneau du Martray
Coche-Dury
PYCM
What is Faiveley’s monopole in Ladoix AOP?
Clos de Cortons (in Le Rognet et Corton)
Who is the only domaine in Burgundy that produces exclusively Grand Cru wines?
Bonneau du Martray
Who is the largest landowner in Corton and Corton-Charlemagne?
Louis Latour
Name 3 quality 1er crus in Savigny-Les Beaune
Les Marconnets
La Dominode
Les Narbantons
Who are the 2 leading domaines in Savigny-Les Beaune?
Chandon de Briailles
Domaine Simon Bize
What is the 3rd largest appellation in the Cote d’Or?
Beaune AOP
Name 5 standout 1er Crus in Beaune
Les Marconnets
Clos du Roi
Les Bressandes
Les Greves
Les Teurons
What is the soils in Beaune’s Les Bressandes?
thin, gravelly soil over limestone and clay
What wine is known as ‘Baby Jesus’?
Bouchard Pere & Fils’ monopole ‘Vigne de L’Enfant Jesus’ (In Les Greves)
What are the soils like in the middle of Beaune?
more clay than gravel
What’s the iconic wine from Beaune 1er “Clos des Mouches”?
Domaine Drouhin’s ‘Clos de Mouches’
What’s the iconic wine from Beaune 1er “Vignes Franches”
Louis Jadot’s Clos Des Ursules
Describe wines from Beaune
black to blue fruit
notably earthy
lush/fleshy texture
moderate acidity and grainy tannins
Name 3 top producers of Beaune
Domaine des Croix
Domaine Drouhin
Nicolas Potel
What are the 4 Red only appellations in Côte de Beaune?
Côte de Beaune-Village
Pommard
Volnay
Blagny
What is Pommard’s best 1er cru on the southern end?
Les Rugiens
Which is a better site: Rugiens-Hauts or Rugiens-Bas?
Rugiens-Bas
What is Pomamrd’s best 1er cru on the northern end?
Epenots
What are the 2 sections of Epenots?
Grand Epenots
Petit Epenots
Grand Epenots vs Petit Epenots
grand -> robust, structured
petit -> delicate and graceful
What is the monopole in Epenots?
Comte Armands’ ‘Clos des Epeneaux’
Rugiens soils vs Epenots soils
Rugiens: reddish iron rich marl
Epenots: white soils like in Beaune
Describe Pommard wines
dark, rustic fruits
earthy grit
chunky tannins
Rugiens Bas vs Clos des Epeneaux styles
Rugien Bas is richer, riper, but is balanced by acidity
Clos des Epeneaux is focused, linear, and elegant
Name 3 classic producers in Pommard
Domaine de Montille
Domaine Comte Armand
Michel Lafarge
Describe the wines from Taillepieds
austere, reserved
takes time to age due to white soils
Describe the wines from Champans
rounder, stout wines
chewy tannins due to iron rich brown marl
Describe the wines from Clos de Chenes
both graceful and powerful
Which 1er cru is the epitome of Volnay?
Caillerets
Who are the 3 benchmark producers in Volnay?
Domaine Marquis d’Angerville
Domaine Lafarge
Domaine de Montille
What is Marquis d’Angerville’s monopole?
Clos des Ducs
What’s the story behind Volnay 1er cru Clos des Ducs
alloted to the new kings of France in 1507
was then given to the Dukes of Burgundy
What are the top four 1er crus of Volnay?
Les Caillerets
Champans
Clos de Chenes
Taillepieds
What are white wines from Volnay labeled as?
Meursault-Les Santenots du Milieu
Meursault-Les Santenots Blanc
Meursault-Les Plures
Village level-Les Santenots Dessous
What are the two top sites in Monthelie?
Les Champs Fuillots (1er)
Sur la Velle (1er)
What are the two top sites in Auxey-Duresses?
Climat du Val
Clos du Val
Name 3 top producers in Auxey-Duresses
Maison Leroy (Negociant arm of Domaine Leroy)
Moulin aux Moines
Prunier-Damy
Name the 7 top village level vineyards in Meursault
Rougeots Narvaux Luchets Chavalieres Tillets Tessons Grand Charrons
What are the 3 major 1er crus of Meursault
Perrieres
Charmes
Genevrieres
Perrières vs Charmes vs Genevrieres
Perrieres - “grand cru” body,and structure mineral
Charmes - full bodied, round
Genevrieres - crystalline structure
Name 4 trademark producers of Meursault
Domaine Guy Roulot
Domaine des Comte Lafon
Domaine Coche-Dury
Arnaud Ente
What are the 3 best 1er crus of St. Aubin?
En Remilly
Les Murgers des Dents de Chien
La Chateniere
What does “Les Merger des Dents de Chien” refer to?
jagged stoney soil looks like a “wall of dogs teeth”
Top 3 Producers in St. Aubin
Pierre-Yves Colin-Morey
Domaine Hubert Lamy
Henri Prudhon
What are the 4 Grand Crus of Puligny-Montrachet (downslope to upslope)?
Bienvenues-Bâtard-Montrachet
Batard Montrachet
Montrachet
Chevalier-Montrachet
Name the top five 1er crus of Puligny-Montrachet (north to south)
Les Combettes Les Folatières Le Caillerets Les Demoiselles Les Pucelle
What is unique about Puligny-Montrachet’s geography?
the water table is so high that cellars have to be above ground
Name 4 classic producers of Puligny-Montrachet
Domaine Leflaive
Domaine François Carillon
Domaine Jacques Carillon
Domaine Etienne Sauzet
How many owners does Montrachet Grand Cru have?
16
What 2 Grand Crus does Chassagne with Puligny?
Batard-Montrachet
Montrachet
What grand cru sits 100% in Chassagne-Montrachet?
Criots-Batard-Montrachet
Name 4 top producers of Chassagne-Montrachet
PYCM
Domaine Bernard Moreau
Paul Pillot
Domaine Ramonet
What is Montrachet Grand Cru known as on the Chassagne side?
Le Montrachet
Why is Chassagne-Montrachet better suited for Pinot Noir?
Red clay soils characterize the village vineyards and lower slopes of the premier crus
What are the 2 best 1er crus for red wine in Chassagne-Montrachet?
Morgeot
Clos Saint-Jean
What is the best 1er crus for white wine in Chassagne-Montrachet?
Blanchot Dessus
Which Côte de Beaune Village is located in the Saône-et-Loire département?
Maranges
What is the largest 1er cru in Maranges AOP?
La Fussiere
Name 3 great producers of Maranges
Domaine Bachalet-Monnot
Edmund Monnot
Fernand Chevrot
What % of white wine is made in Maranges?
5-10%
How long is the Cote Chalonnaise?
25 km
What are the 5 AOPs of Cote Chalonnaise (North to South)
Bouzeron Rully Mercurey Givry Montagny
What is the most famous estate in Bouzeron?
Domaine A & P Villaine (DRC)
What is the specific grape of Bouzeron?
Aligote d’Oré (not Vert)
Who is the top estate in Givry AOP?
Domaine Joblot
What is the only Chardonnay only appellation in Cote Chalonnaise?
Montagny AOP
What % of Macon is designated to Macon-Villages?
85%
What are the 5 village AOPs of Maconnais?
Pouilly-Fuissé Pouilly-Loche Pouilly-Vinzelles Saint-Veran Vire-Clesse
What are the 4 communes of Pouilly-Fuisse?
Fuissé
Solutre-Pouilly
Vergisson
Chaintré
What are the fruitiest 3 crus of Beaujolais?
Brouilly
Régnié
Chiroubles
What 3 Beaujolais crus are fruity but with structure and elegance?
Saint-Amour
Fleurie
Chénas
What are the 4 most structured Beaujolais crus?
Côte de Brouilly
Morgon
Juliénas
Moulin-a-Vent
Name the 10 crus of Beaujolais (north to south)
Saint-Amour
Julienas
Chenas
Moulin-a-Vent
Fleurie
Chiroubles
Morgon
Regnie
Brouilly/Cote de Broilly
What’s the important lieux dit in Morgon?
Cote du Py
Which cru is Les Capitans located it?
Julienas
What’s the important cru in Fleurie?
La Madone
Name 2 top producers of Julienas AOP
Pascal Granger
Domaine du Clos du Fief (Michel Tete)
Which cru is the longest-lived, most full-bodied, and tannic in Beaujolais?
Moulin-a-Vent
Name 3 better-known producers of Moulin-a-Vent
Georges Duboeuf
Louis Jadot’s Chateau des Jacques
Potel-Aviron
Name 3 top producers of Fleurie AOP
Clos de la Roilette (Alain Coudert)
Domaine de la Chapelle des Bois
Domaine Chignard
Which cru is the highest elevation in Beaujolais?
Chiroubles
Name the Kermit Lynch “Gang of Four” from Morgon
Marcel Lapierre
Jean Foillard
Jean-Paul Thevenet
Guy Breton
What soil is associated with Morgon AOP?
roche pourrie (iron-rich schist and basalt)
What is the largest cru in Beaujolais?
Brouilly
Who is the trademark producer of Cote de Brouilly AOP
Château Thivin