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CMS Advanced Sommelier Exam > Central and Southern Italy > Flashcards

Central and Southern Italy Flashcards

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1
Q

When was the Chianti zone first delimited?

A

1716

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2
Q

What is the name for the straw-covered squat bottle sometimes used in Tuscany?

A

Fiasco

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3
Q

When was Sassicaia first released?

A

1968

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4
Q

Who was the man behind Sassicaia?

A

Marquis Mario Rocchetta

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5
Q

Who was the man behind Tignanello?

A

Piero Antinori

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6
Q

What is the relationship between Mario Rocchetta (Sassicaia) & Piero Antinori (Tignanello)?

A

Piero was Mario’s nephew

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7
Q

How many hectoliters of wine does Tuscany produce?

A

2.7 million hl

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8
Q

What % of wine in Tuscany is DOC/DOCG level?

A

60%

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9
Q

How many DOCGs are in Tuscany?

A

11

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10
Q

What is Italy’s most planted red variety?

A

Sangiovese

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11
Q

Name 3 Sangiovese Clones

A

Brunello Clone/Sangiovese Grosso (Montalcino)
Prugnolo Gentile (Montepulciano)
Morellino Clone

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12
Q

What are the 2 native red grapes that may be blended with Sangiovese in Chianti

A

Colorino

Canaiolo Nero

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13
Q

What is Italy’s most planted white variety?

A

Trebbiano Toscano

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14
Q

What is commonly blended with Trebbiano Toscano?

A

Malvasia

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15
Q

Where is Vernaccia typically confined to in Tuscany?

A

San Gimignano

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16
Q

Where is Vermentino finding promise in Tuscany?

A

In the coastal vineyards of Maremma

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17
Q

What % of Tuscan wine is red?

A

85%

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18
Q

When was Chianti elevated to DOCG?

A

1984

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19
Q

When were the limits of modern day Chianti established?

A

1932

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20
Q

How many subzones are within Chianti?

A

7

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21
Q

What are the 8 subzones of Chianti?

A

Classico
Rufina
Montalbano
Montespertoli

Colli Fiorentini
Colli Senesi
Colli Aretini
Collines Pisane

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22
Q

Other than Classico, which Chianti subzone is considered the most consistant in quality?

A

Chianti Rufina

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23
Q

Which producer dominates the Chianti Rufina zone?

A

the Frescobaldi firm

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24
Q

What is the subzone within Rufina?

A

Pomino DOC

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25
Q

Who are the only 2 producers in Pomino DOC?

A

Frescobaldi

Fattoria Selvapiana

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26
Q

Who is credited for defining the classic blend of Chianti?

A

Baron Bettino Ricasoli

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27
Q

What % of Sangiovese is required for Chianti DOCG?

A

70-100%

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28
Q

What is the minimum % of Sangiovese for Chianti Colli Senesi?

A

min 75%

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29
Q

What are the 2 white grapes were commonly blended with Sangiovese

A

Trebbiano Toscano

Malvasia

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30
Q

What is the max. % of Cabernet Sauvignon allowed in Chianti?

A

max 15%

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31
Q

What is the max. % of Cabernet Sauvignon is allowed in Chianti Colli Senesi?

A

max. 10%

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32
Q

What does governo all’uso Toscano mean on a label?

A

traditional practice of fermenting a wine with the juice of dried grapes to strengthen the wine and initiate malolactic fermentation

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33
Q

When may Chianti normale be released?

A

March 1st after harvest

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34
Q

Which Chianti subzones require longer aging?

A

Rufina
Montespertoli
Colli Fiorentini

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35
Q

How many years of aging does Chianti Riserva require?

A

2 years

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36
Q

What are the 2 differences between Chianti Riserva vs Superiore?

A

1/2 degree more alcohol

lowered vineyard yields

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37
Q

When was Chianti Classico upgraded to DOCG?

A

1984

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38
Q

What are the 4 original villages of Chianti Classico?

A

Radda
Gaiole
Castellina
Greve

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39
Q

What are the 2 main soil types of Tuscany?

A

galestro (marl)

alberese (sandstone)

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40
Q

What soil does Sangiovese prefer?

A

Galestro

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41
Q

What is the min. % of Sangiovese required for Chianti Classico?

A

80%

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42
Q

What year were white varieties not allowed in permitted in Chianti Classico wines?

A

2006

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43
Q

What is the min. alcohol level for Chianti Classico vs Chianti normale?

A

Classico: 12%

Chianti Normale: 11.5%

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44
Q

When may Chianti Classico be released?

A

October 1st of the year following harvest

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45
Q

What is the aging requirements for Chianti Classico Riserva?

A

min. 24 months

with at least 3 months in bottle

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46
Q

What is the minimum alcohol level for Chianti Classico Riserva?

A

12.5%

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47
Q

When was the Gran Selezione catagory created in Chianti Classico?

A

2014

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48
Q

What are the requirements for the Gran Selezione (Chianti Classico)?

A

estate grown grapes

min. 30 months before release with 3 months in bottle
min. abv of 13%

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49
Q

What is the aging vessel of choice for Chianti Classico Riserva?

A

Barrique

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50
Q

Who is credited for inventing the Brunello style?

A

Clemente Santi of Biondi-Santi

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51
Q

When was the first bottling of 100% Brunello clone?

A

1865

52
Q

When was Biondi-Santi’s first vintage of Brunello Riserva?

A

1888

53
Q

Of the 24,000 hectares in Montalcino, how many hectares are planted to Brunello?

A

5,000

54
Q

What are the aging requirements for Brunello?

A

min. 2 years in cask

min. 4 months in bottle (6 for riserva)

55
Q

When may Brunello be released?

A

January 1st of the 5th year following harvest (6th year for riserva)

56
Q

What soil-type characterizes in higher altitude vineyards in Montalcino?

A

Galestro (marl)

57
Q

What soil-type characterizes the warmer, southern reaches of Montalcino?

A

Clay and fossilized marine deposits

58
Q

What are frazioni? [Montalcino]

A

suburbs or sub-communes

59
Q

Name 3 frazioni of Montalcino

A

Sant Angelo in Colle
Castelnuovo Abate
Torrenieri

60
Q

Name 3 Brunello producers that use small barrels and shorter maceration

A

Casanvova di Neri

Mastrojanni

61
Q

Name 3 traditional Brunello producers?

A

Biondi-Santi
Talenti
Soldera

62
Q

How long must Rosso di Montalcino DOCs be aged for?

A

min 1 year before release

no requirements for cask aging

63
Q

What is the ‘Super-Tuscan’ DOC in Montalcino?

A

Sant’Antimo DOC

64
Q

When was Sant’Antimo DOC created?

A

1996

65
Q

What is the DOC for white wines in Montalcino?

A

Moscadello di Montalcino

66
Q

What is the style of Moscadello di Montalcino?

A

often sweet

may be still or sparkling

67
Q

What is the grape used for Moscadello di Montalcino DOC?

A

Moscato Bianco

68
Q

When was Vino Nobile di Montepulciano DOCG established?

A

1980

69
Q

What clone of Sangiovese is associated with Vino Nobile di Montepulciano?

A

Prugnolo Gentile clone

70
Q

What is the minimum % of Sangiovese required for Vino Nobile di Montepulciano?

A

min. 70%

71
Q

What is the maximum % of other varieties of Tuscany allowed in a Vino Nobile di Montepulciano wine?

A

max 30% with no more than 5% white varieties

72
Q

How long must Vino Nobile di Montepulciano wines be aged for before release? (Normale and Riserva)

A

minimum 2 years (3 years for riserva) with 1 year in wood

73
Q

When did Morellino di Scansano become DOCG?

A

2006

74
Q

What is the minimum % of Sangiovese required for Morellino di Scansano?

A

min. 85%

75
Q

When may Morellino di Scansano wines be released?

A

March 1st following harvest

76
Q

What is the minimum % of Sangiovese required for Carmignano wines?

A

min. 50%

77
Q

What 2 grapes are required to make up 10-20% of a Carmignano blend?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon and/or Cabernet Franc

78
Q

What DOCG in Tuscany may have higher proprotions of Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot blended with Sangiovese?

A

Rosso della Val di Cornia DOCG

79
Q

Rosso della Val di Cornia DOCG is a former subzone of which DOCG?

A

Suvereto DOCG

80
Q

What is the blend requirements for Rosso della Val di Cornia DOCG?

A

min. 40% Sangiovese
max. 60% Merlot & Cabernet Sauvignon combined
max. 20% other red grapes

81
Q

What red grape is not allowed in Rosso della Val di Cornia DOCG?

A

Aleatico

82
Q

What is the winery associated with Sassicaia?

A

Tenuta San Guido

83
Q

What is the blend in Sassicaia?

A

85% Cabernet Sauvignon

15% Cabernet Franc

84
Q

What aging vessel is used for Sassicaia?

A

Barrique (new and used)

85
Q

Where is Tenuta San Guido located?

A

Bolgheri in Northern Maremma

86
Q

What does Sassicaia mean?

A

Stony field

87
Q

What was the first Sangiovese to be aged in barriques?

A

Antinori ‘Tignanello’

88
Q

When was the first vintage of Tignanello?

A

1971

89
Q

What is the vineyard name for Tignanello?

A

Tignanello

90
Q

What is the blend of Tignanello?

A

85% Sangiovese

15% Cabernet Sauvignon & Cabernet Franc

91
Q

How long is Tignanello aged for?

A

14-16 months in French and Hungarian oak barrels (new and used) plus 12 months in bottle

92
Q

When was the % of Sangiovese set at 85% for Tignanello?

A

1982

93
Q

What is Antinori’s Cabernet-based super-tuscan?

A

Solaia

94
Q

What is the main grape in Masseto?

A

Merlot

95
Q

Who produces Paleo Rosso?

A

Le Macchiole

96
Q

What is the variety used in Le Macchiole’s Paleo Rosso?

A

100% Cabernet Franc

97
Q

What were the first 3 100% Sangiovese ‘Super Tuscans’?

A

San Felice’s Vigorello, Montevertine’s Le Pergole Torte

Isole e Olena’s Cepparello

98
Q

When was Bolgheri DOC created?

A

1994

99
Q

How long must Bolgheri Superiore wines be aged for?

A

minimum 2 years with 1 year in barrique

100
Q

What is the minimum alcohol required for Bolgheri Superiore?

A

12.5%

101
Q

What is the leading grape for white Bolgheri wines?

A

Vermentino

102
Q

When did Sassicaia become a subzone of Bolgheri?

A

1983

103
Q

When did Sassicaia become its own DOC?

A

2013

104
Q

How far off the coast of Maremma is the isle of Elba?

A

12 miles

105
Q

What is the historic significance of the isle of Elba?

A

It is where Napoleon was exiled to in 1814

106
Q

When did Elba Aleatico Passito DOCG established?

A

2011

107
Q

What kind of wines are made in Elba Aleatico Passito DOCG?

A

sweet red passito wines made from the Aleatico grape

108
Q

What grape is Aleatico genetically linked to?

A

Muscat Blanc a Petits Grains

109
Q

What is the only white DOCG of Tuscany?

A

Vernaccia di San Gimignano DOCG

110
Q

What is the only dessert wine to reach DOCG status?

A

Elba Aleatico Passito DOCG

111
Q

What is the traditional dessert wine of Tuscany?

A

Vin Santo

112
Q

What are the 2 main grapes of Tuscan Vin Santo?

A

Trebbiano

Malvasia

113
Q

What is the rose version of vin santo called?

A

Occhio di Pernice

114
Q

What is the blend requirement for Occhio di Pernice?

A

min. 50% Sangiovese added to the white grapes

115
Q

When are grapes destined for vin santo usually raisinated until?

A

December 1st after fermentation

116
Q

What is the name for the barrels vin santo are fermented and aged in?

A

50 L caratelli chestnut barrels

117
Q

How long are vin santos typically aged for in barrel?

A

3-8 years

118
Q

Why is chestnut preferred over oak for vin santo aging?

A

allows rapid oxidation

119
Q

When vin santo is fortified what is it labeled as?

A

liquoroso

120
Q

What is the main DOC for vin santo in Tuscany?

A

Vin Santo del Chianti DOC

121
Q

What is the blend requirement for Orvieto DOC?

A

min 60% Grechetto & Trebbiano Toscano (Procanino)

max 40% other white grapes

122
Q

What is the red wine DOC within the Orvieto territory?

A

Lago di Corbara DOC

123
Q

What soil type are red wines from Lago di Corbara DOC produced from?

A

tuffeau soils

124
Q

What are the 2 main red wine DOCGs of Umbria?

A

Sagrantino di Montefalco DOCG

Torgiano Rosso Riserva DOCG

125
Q

What is the min. % of Sagrantino required for Sagrantino di Montefalco DOCG?

A

100%

126
Q

How long are Sagrantino di Montefalco wines age for?

A

minimum 37 months with 12 months in wood

CMS Advanced Sommelier Exam (9 decks)

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