Champagne Flashcards
What is the extraction limit in Champagne?
2,550 L/4000 kg of Grapes
or 102 L wine/ 160 kg of grapes
What is the maximum yield allowed in Champagne?
66 hl/ha
What are the 4 pruning methods authorized in Champagne?
Cordon de Royat
Chablis
Vallée de la Marne
Guyot (double and simple)
What is the traditional vessel for pressing grapes in Champagne called?
Coquard basket press
What’s the first extraction called in Champagne?
vin de cuvee
How much wine is pressed in the vin de cuvee?
2,050 L
What’s the second extraction called in Champagne?
Vin de Taille
How much wine is pressed in the vin de taille?
500 L
What is the third extraction called in Champagne?
rebeche
What is the rebeche?
the required 1-10% of total pressing of Champagne that will be used for distillate
What happens after Pressing the grapes in Champagne?
debourbage
What is debourbage?
the process after pressing the grapes allowing the solids (bourbes) to settle before being racked
What is the French name for the solids in a wine after pressing?
bourbes
What is the name of the still base wines for sparkling wines?
vins clairs
What alcohol % are the vins clairs usually before secondary fermentation?
11%
How long are vins clairs kept in vessel before blending in Champagne?
February or March after harvest
What’s the french word for racking?
Soutirage
Liqueur de Tirage vs Liqueur d’expédition
Tirage - used to start secondary fermentation
expedition - final dosage
What is the french name for Secondary Fermentation?
prise de mousse
What is a bidule?
plastic device used to catch sediment for method champenois wines after secondary fermentation
How long does prise de mousse last?
up to 8 weeks
How much alcohol is produced from prise de mousse?
1.2-1.3%
How many atmospheres of CO2 are in Champagne?
5-6 atms
What is Autolysis?
the breaking down of dead yeast cells or lees
How long must Champagne aged sur lie?
min. 12 months
How are bottles stored during Secondary Fermentation?
Sur Latte (horizontally)
What is the french word for Riddling?
Remuage
How long does Remuage take using a gyropalette vs pupitre?
less than a week vs 8 weeks
How many bottles does a Gyropalette fit?
504
How many bottles does a pupitre hold?
60
Who invented the pupitre?
Madam Barbe-Nicole Ponsardin
What is the name for a person who turns the bottles on a pupitre?
Remeur
How many bottles can a top remeur handle a day?
70,000
What is Pointage?
old school way of shaking the bottle to prevent yeast from sticking to it
What process happens after remuage?
Degorgement
How are bottles stored after remuage and before degorgement?
Sur Pointe (upside-down vertically)
Which Champagne is kept sur pointe for many years before degorgement?
Bollinger “RD”
Dégorgement a la glace vs a la volee
a la glace -> traditional way, dipping neck into freezing brine solution
a la volee -> same method without using brine solution (wastes a lot of wine)
What is the most common sweetness level of most major Champagne houses?
Brut
Brut Nature dosage
0-3 g/L
Extra Brut dosage
0-6 g/L
Brut dosage
0-12 g/L
Extra Dry dosage
12-17 g/L
Sec dosage
17-32 g/L
Demi-Sec dosage
32-50 g/L
Doux dosage
50+ g/L
What is the french name for the wire cage around a sparkling wine cork?
Muselet
How long must NV Champagne age for?
min. 15 months after tirage
How long must Vintage Champagne age for?
min. 36 months after tirage
What is the french word for Transfer method?
Transvasauge (Method)
Name the 5 regions of Champagne (North to South)
Montagne de Reims Vallée de la Marne Cotes de Blancs Cotes de Sezanne Cote des Bars (The Aube)
Name the 9 grand cru villages of Montagne de Reims (North to South)
Sillery
Puisieulx
Beaumont-Sur-Vesle
Verzenay
Mailly
Verzy
Louvois
Bouzy
Ambonnay
Name the 2 grand cru villages of Vallée de la Marne (East to West)
Aÿ
Tours-sur-Marne (GC for Red Grapes Only)
Name the 6 grand cru villages of Cotes de Blancs (North to South)
Chouilly (GC for white grapes only) Oiry Cramant Avize Oger Le Mesnil-sur-Oger
How many 1er cru villages are in Champagne?
42
Name 4 important 1er cru villages of Montagne de Reims
Écueil
Jouy-les-Reims
Ludes
Rilly-La-Montagne
Name 3 important 1er cru villages of Vallée de la Marne
Mareuil-sur-Aÿ
Dizy
Hautvillers
Name 2 important 1er cru villages of Côtes des Blancs
Cuis
Vertus
Name 3 producers from Ambonnay
Marie-Noelle Ledru
Egly-Ouriet
H. Billiot
Name 2 producers from Avize
Jacques Selosse
Agrapart
Name 4 producers from Ay
Ayala
Bollinger
Deutz
Goutorbe
Which village is Hubert Dauvergne located?
Bouzy
Which village is Nicolas Feuillatte located?
Chouilly
Name 3 producers from Cramant
Diebolt-Vallois
Bonnaire
Philippe Glavier
Which village is Pierre Gimonnet & Fils located?
Cuis (Cote des Blancs)
Which village is Mousse Fils located?
Cuisle (Valle de la Marne)
Name 2 producers from Cumieres in Valle de la Marne
Rene Geoffroy
Georges Laval
Name 2 producers from Dizy
Jacquesson
Gaston Chiquet
Name 4 producers from Epernay
Gosset
Moët et Chandon
Perrier-Jouët
Pol Roger
Which village is Aubry Fils located?
Jouy-Les-Reims (Montagne de Reims)
Name 4 producers from Le-Mesnil-sur-Oger
Delamotte/Salon
Pierre Peters
JL Vergnon
Name 3 producers from Mareuil-Sur-Ay
Marc Hebrart
Billecart-Salmon
Philipponnat
Which village is Chartogne-Taillet from?
Merfy (Montagne de Reims)
Name as many producers from Reims (11)
Bruno Paillard Charles Heidsieck G.H. Mumm Henriot Jacquart Louis Roederer Piper-Heidsieck Pommery Ruinart Taittinger Veuve Clicquot-Ponsardin
Which village is Vilmart & Cie located?
Rilly-La-Montagne (Montagne de Reims)
Which village is Laurent-Perrier located?
Tours-sur-Marne (Valle de la Marne)
Which village is Drappier located?
Urville (Aube)
Name 2 producers from Vertus (Cotes des Blancs)
Guy Larmandier
Doyard
Name 2 producers from Verzenay
Jean Lallement et Fils
Pehu-Simonet
Which village is Mouzon-Leroux located?
Verzy
Which village is A. Margaine located?
Villers-Marmery (Montagne de Reims)
Name 2 CM producers in Champagne
Nicolas Feuillatte (Chouilly) Jacquart (Reims)
What’s the prestige Cuvee of Ayala?
Cuvee Perle d’Ayala
What’s the blend of Ayala ‘Cuvee Perle d’Ayala’?
80% Chardonnay
20% Pinot Noir
What are the 3 prestige cuvees of BIllecart-Salmon?
Nicolas Francois Billecart
Grande Cuvee
Elisabeth Salmon Rose
What’s the blend in Billecart-Salmon’s ‘Nicolas Francois Billecart and Grand Cuvee?
60% Pinot Noir
30% Chardonnay
What’s the blend in Billecart-Salmon’s ‘Elisabeth Salmon Rose’?
58% Pinot Noir
42% Chardonnay
What are the 3 prestige cuvees for Bollinger?
La Grande Année
R.D.
Vieilles Vignes Françaises BdN
What is the grape of Bollinger ‘Vieilles Vignes Françaises’?
100% Pinot Noir
What is the prestige cuvee of Delamotte?
‘Nicolas Louis Delamotte’
What’s the blend of Delamotte ‘Nicolas Louis Delamotte’?
90% Chardonnay
10% Pinot Noir
What are the 2 prestige cuvees of Deutz?
Cuvee William Deutz (Blanc/Rose)
Amour de Deutz
What’s the grape of Deutz ‘Amour de Deutz’?
100% Chardonnay
What is the prestige cuvee of Drappier?
Charles de Gaulle
What’s the blend in Drappier ‘Charles de Gaulle’?
80% Pinot Noir
20% Chardonnay
What is the prestige cuvee of Gosset?
‘Celebris’
What are the 2 prestige cuvees of Charles Heidsieck?
Champagne Charlie
Blanc des Millenaires
When was the last vintage of Charles Heidsieck ‘Champagne Charlie’?
1985
What are the 2 prestige cuvees of Henriot?
Cuvee des Enchanteleurs
Cuvee Hemera
When was the last vintage of Henriot ‘Cuvee des Enchanteleurs’?
2000
What is the blend in Henriot ‘Cuvee Hemera’?
50% Chardonnay
50% Pinot Noir
What was the prestige cuvee of Jacquesson?
‘Grand Vin Signature’
When was Jacquesson ‘Grand Vin Signature’ discontinued?
2002
What are the 2 prestige cuvees of Laurent-Perrier?
Grand Siecle (typically NV) Alexandra (Rose)
What is the blend of Laurent-Perrier ‘Grand Siecle’?
50% Chardonnay
50% Pinot Noir
What is the blend of Laurent-Perrier ‘Alexandra’ Rose?
80% Pinot Noir
20% Chardonnay
What are the 3 prestige cuvees of Moet et Chandon?
Dom Pérignon Vintage/Rosé
Dom Pérignon P2 (Oenotèque) Vintage/Rosé
Dom Pérignon P3 Vintage
What are the 2 grapes of Dom Perignon wines?
Chardonnay
Pinot Noir
When was the first vintage of Dom Perignon?
1921
What is the prestige cuvee of G. H. Mumm?
Cuvee R. Lalou
What is the prestige cuvee of Bruno Paillard?
Nec-Plus-Ultra
What are the 2 grapes of Bruno Paillard ‘Nec-Plus-Ultra’
Chardonnay
Pinot Noir
What is prestige cuvee of Joseph Perrier?
Cuvee Josephine
What are the 2 grapes of Joseph Perrier ‘Cuvee Josephine’?
Pinot Noir
Chardonnay
What’s the prestige cuvee of Perrier-Jouet?
Belle Epoque
What was Perrier-Jouet ‘Belle Epoque’ labeled in US before 2002?
Fleur de Champagne
What’s the blend in Perrier-Jouet ‘Belle Epoque’?
50% Chardonnay
45% Pinot Noir
5% Meunier
What is the prestige cuvee of Piper-Heidsieck?
Rare
What are the two grapes of Piper-Heidsieck ‘Rare’?
Chardonnay
Pinot Noir
What is the prestige cuvee of Ployez-Jacquemart?
Liesse d’Harbonville
What is the blend of Ployez-Jacquemart ‘Liesse d’Harbonville’?
70% Chardonnay
30% Pinot Noir
What is the prestige cuvee of Pol Roger?
Cuvee Sir Winston Churchill
What are the 2 grapes of Pol Roger ‘Cuvee Sir Winston Churchill’?
Pinot Noir
Chardonnay
What is the prestige cuvee of Pommery?
Cuvee Louise
What is the blend of Pommery ‘Cuvee Louise’ Brut?
60% Chardonnay
40% Pinot Noir
What is the prestige cuvee of Louis Roederer?
Cristal
What is the blend of Louis Roederer ‘Cristal’?
55% Pinot Noir
45% Chardonnay
When was Cristal first released commercially?
1945
What is the prestige cuvee of Ruinart?
Dom Ruinart Blanc de Blancs
Dom Ruinart Rose
What is the blend in Dom Ruinart Rose?
85% Chardonnay
15% Pinot Noir
What are the 2 prestige cuvees of Taittinger?
Comtes de Champagne
Taittinger Collection
What is the blend of Taittinger ‘Comtes de Champagne’ Rose?
70% Pinot Noir
30% Chardonnay
What is the blend of Taittinger ‘Collection’?
50% Chardonnay
50% Pinot Noir
What is the prestige cuvee of Veuve Clicquot-Ponsardin?
La Grande Dame
What is the blend of Veuve Clicquot-Ponsardin ‘La Grande Dame’ Brut?
60-65% Pinot Noir
30-35% Chardonnay
What are the 2 prestige cuvees of Henri Billiot?
Cuvee Laetitia
Cuvee Julie
What’s the blend of Henri Billiot ‘Cuvee Laetitia’?
60% Pinot Noir
40% Chardonnay
What’s the blend of Henri Billiot ‘Cuvee Julie’?
50% Pinot Noir
50% Chardonnay
What’s the prestige cuvee of Chartogne-Taillet?
Fiacre
What’s the blend in Chartogne-Taillet ‘Fiacre’?
60% Chardonnay
40% Pinot Noir
What is the prestige cuvee of Guy Larmandier?
Cramant Grand Cru Cuvee Prestige
What is the prestige cuvee of Jacques Selosse?
Substance
Which village is Jacques Selosse ‘Substance’ from?
Avize
What is the prestige cuvee of VIlmart & Cie?
Coeur de Cuvee
What’s the blend in VIlmart & Cie ‘Coeur de Cuvee’?
80% Chardonnay
20% Pinot Noir
What’s the prestige cuvee of Nicolas Feuillatte?
Palmes d’Or
What’s the blend of Nicolas Feuillatte ‘Palmes d’Or’?
50% Pinot Noir
50% Chardonnay
What is Agrapart’s single vineyard Champagne?
“Vénus” Brut Nature
What is Billecart-Salmon’s single vineyard Champagne?
Clos St-Hilaire (100% Pinot Noir)
What are the two 100% Meunier single vineyards of Chartogne-Taillet?
Les Barres
Les Alliees
What is the 100% Pinot Noir single vineyard of Chartogne-Taillet?
Les Orizeaux
What is unique about Chartogne-Taillet ‘Les Barres’?
made from ungrafted meunier vines in Merfy
What is the single vineyard wine from Drappier?
Grande Sendree
What is the blend in Drappier ‘Grande Sendree’?
55% Pinot Noir
45% Chardonnay
What is the single vineyard wine from Egly-Ouriet?
Les Crayeres NV
What is the grape of Egly-Ouriet ‘Les Crayeres’?
Pinot Noir
What are Krug’s 2 single vineyard wines?
Clos du Mesnil
Clos d’Ambonnay
When was the debut of Krug ‘Clos du Mesnil’?
1979
When was the debut of Krug ‘Clos d’Ambonnay’?
1995
What are 5 vintages that Krug released ‘Clos d’Ambonnay’?
1995 1996 1998 2000 2002
What is the single-vineyard wine from Pierre Peters?
Cuvee Speciale les Chetillons
What was the first vintage of les Chetillons to include the vineyard ‘les chetillons’ on the label?
2000
What is the single vineyard wine from Philipponnat?
Clos des Goisses
What’s the blend in Philipponnat ‘Clos de Goisses’?
70% Pinot Noir
30% Chardonnay
When was Philipponnat ‘Clos de Goisses’ first released?
1935
What is the single vineyard wine from Taittinger?
Les Folies de la Marquetterie NV
What is the blend in Taittinger ‘Les Folies de la Marquetterie’ NV?
55% Chardonnay
45% Pinot Noir
What are the 4 single vineyard wines from Tarlant?
La Vigne d’Or (Meunier)
La VIgne d’Antan (ungrafted Chardonnay)
La Vigne Royale (Pinot Noir)
Cuvee Louis (50/50 Pinot Noir + Chardonnay)
What is a CM producer?
Cooperative Manipulant - co-op that produces under a single brand
RC vs CM producers
RC is a single grower who vinifies at a co-op, but produces under their own label
How many villages are in Champagne?
318
How many grand cru villages are in Champagne?
17
Why may wines from Cramant and Avize be richer?
more clay in the soil
Which Cote de Blancs grand cru produces the creamiest wines?
Cramant
Name 3 wines from Cramant
Larmandier-Bernier’s ‘Vieille Vignes du Lavant’
Jacques Selose’s ‘Chemin de Chalons’
Diebolt-Vallois Blanc de Blanc
Name 2 wines from Avize
Agrapart ‘Venus’
Jacque Selosse ‘Initial’
Name a wine from Oger
Jean Milan ‘Terres de Noel’
When was Le Mesnils-sur-Oger promoted to grand cru status?
1985
Name 3 iconic wines from Le Mesnil-Sur-Oger
Salon Blanc de Blancs
Krug ‘Clos de Mesnil’
Pierre Peters ‘Cuvee Speciale Les Chetillons’
Where is Fred Savart located?
Ecueil
Name 2 great wines from Aÿ
Bollinger Vieille Vignes Française
Gatinois Brut Réserve
How far away is the Aube from Epernay
70 miles
What % of Champagnes vineyards are located in the Aube?
20%
What region does the Aube’s soils resemble?
Chablis - Kimmeridgian Marl and Portlandian Limestone
Name 4 producers from the Aube
Marie Courtin
Pierre Gerbais
Dosnon & Lepage
Cedric Bouchard
Who is the trademark producer from Cote de Sezanne?
Ulysse Collin
What are the 2 signature wines from Ulysse Collin?
Les Perrieres (Chardonnay) Maillon (Pinot Noir)
