Normans- Durham section B Flashcards
Who did duke William place as major seats of power?
Northern and French northern barons, earls, sheriffs, bishops and abbots
What was Duke Williams main concern?
How to maintain military and administrative control in their new country
How did they control the local population?
The church
What happened to the church after the conquest?
It undertook huge amounts of building - before moderate size but in newly conquered England, wealth was available and architecture was on a grand size
What happened to anglo-Saxon monasteries and cathedrals?
Normans thought they looked too old so they were demolished and replaced by Romanesque buildings, based on type evolved in Normandy
What features did buildings usually have (name 6)
Apses, with sometimes wide aisles transepts, a crossing tower, nave with aisles, 2 massive western towers
How many tiers did the internal elevation have?
3 tiers, also had massive walls were passages were threaded through them
What repetitive features did the interior have?
Columns, capitals and simple mouldings
What does Durham’s twin tower facade do?
Dominates the big rock on which it was built
When was the building of Durham started?
1093
When was Durham consecrated?
1133
What happened in 995?
Bishop Aldhun built on the site of an earlier Anglo-Saxon cathedral as a shrine to St. Cuthbert
What else happened in 995? (St cuthbert)
He was originally buried in lindisfarne but as a result of danish raids moved his relics to Durham
What happened in 1056?
Æthelwine became bishop
Why were relationships between Æthelwine and the priest of Durham strained?
Æthelwine was an outsider who they resented because they hadn’t been consulted before made bishop
What happened in 1065?
Nib,e ps of Northumbria - supported by Durham priests rose against tostig
What happened when the priest of Durham rose against tostig?
Edward the confessor sent Harold to negotiate with rebels, Harold keen for peace realised it wouldn’t be achieved by Tosting rules in the north so persuaded Edward to agree to rebels demands
What happened in 1068?
Æthelwine pledged his loyalty to William at York so remained bishop - proving value to William as an ambassador to king Malcolm of Scotland
What happened in 1069?
William appointed new Norman earl of Northumbria, Robert de comines
What did Æthelwine do to de comines?
Warn him against English rebels but he didn’t listen and he burned in his bishops house in January 1069
What happened in 1071?
Rebel in north prompted William to retaliate with harrying of the north for de comines death
What did Æthelwine do in 1071?
Try to escape to lindisfarne with relics of St Cuthbert’s but was caught and imprisoned
Who was appointed bishop of Durham in 1071?
William Walcher - well educated French priest
What did Walcher want to do?
Encourage monasticism
