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My History > Normans- Durham section B > Flashcards

Normans- Durham section B Flashcards

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1
Q

Who did duke William place as major seats of power?

A

Northern and French northern barons, earls, sheriffs, bishops and abbots

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2
Q

What was Duke Williams main concern?

A

How to maintain military and administrative control in their new country

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3
Q

How did they control the local population?

A

The church

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4
Q

What happened to the church after the conquest?

A

It undertook huge amounts of building - before moderate size but in newly conquered England, wealth was available and architecture was on a grand size

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5
Q

What happened to anglo-Saxon monasteries and cathedrals?

A

Normans thought they looked too old so they were demolished and replaced by Romanesque buildings, based on type evolved in Normandy

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6
Q

What features did buildings usually have (name 6)

A

Apses, with sometimes wide aisles transepts, a crossing tower, nave with aisles, 2 massive western towers

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7
Q

How many tiers did the internal elevation have?

A

3 tiers, also had massive walls were passages were threaded through them

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8
Q

What repetitive features did the interior have?

A

Columns, capitals and simple mouldings

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9
Q

What does Durham’s twin tower facade do?

A

Dominates the big rock on which it was built

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10
Q

When was the building of Durham started?

A

1093

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11
Q

When was Durham consecrated?

A

1133

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12
Q

What happened in 995?

A

Bishop Aldhun built on the site of an earlier Anglo-Saxon cathedral as a shrine to St. Cuthbert

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13
Q

What else happened in 995? (St cuthbert)

A

He was originally buried in lindisfarne but as a result of danish raids moved his relics to Durham

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14
Q

What happened in 1056?

A

Æthelwine became bishop

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15
Q

Why were relationships between Æthelwine and the priest of Durham strained?

A

Æthelwine was an outsider who they resented because they hadn’t been consulted before made bishop

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16
Q

What happened in 1065?

A

Nib,e ps of Northumbria - supported by Durham priests rose against tostig

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17
Q

What happened when the priest of Durham rose against tostig?

A

Edward the confessor sent Harold to negotiate with rebels, Harold keen for peace realised it wouldn’t be achieved by Tosting rules in the north so persuaded Edward to agree to rebels demands

18
Q

What happened in 1068?

A

Æthelwine pledged his loyalty to William at York so remained bishop - proving value to William as an ambassador to king Malcolm of Scotland

19
Q

What happened in 1069?

A

William appointed new Norman earl of Northumbria, Robert de comines

20
Q

What did Æthelwine do to de comines?

A

Warn him against English rebels but he didn’t listen and he burned in his bishops house in January 1069

21
Q

What happened in 1071?

A

Rebel in north prompted William to retaliate with harrying of the north for de comines death

22
Q

What did Æthelwine do in 1071?

A

Try to escape to lindisfarne with relics of St Cuthbert’s but was caught and imprisoned

23
Q

Who was appointed bishop of Durham in 1071?

A

William Walcher - well educated French priest

24
Q

What did Walcher want to do?

A

Encourage monasticism

25
Q

What happened to Walcher before he could encourage monasticism?

A

He was killed in May 1080 during a rebellion

26
Q

What happened in 1080?

A

William st Calais became bishop

27
Q

What did William st Calais do in 1090?

A

Began building new cathedral at Durham on grand scale

28
Q

What happened in 1096?

A

St Calais died but his successor bishop, Ranulf Flambard shared his ambitions of his preseason and continued with cathedral build

29
Q

When was cutherbert born?

A

633 AD

30
Q

What was cuthbert?

A

A monk who became bishop of lindisfarne

31
Q

What did monks discover when they dug up Cuthbert’s body?

A

It had not rotted at all

32
Q

Who attacked lindisfarne?

A

Vikings

33
Q

What type of architectural design did Norman religious buildings have?

A

Romanesque

34
Q

Why were Norman religious buildings massive?

A

To remind locals of Norman domination

35
Q

What is a monastery?

A

A religious house where monks lived and worked

36
Q

What do many monasteries in England belong to.

A

Benedictine order

37
Q

Why was there secular influence over many monasteries?

A

They were expensive so needed a patron to give money and land

38
Q

What is the vow of poverty?

A

Monks and nuns had to give up all their possessions when joining the monastery

39
Q

What is the view of chastity?

A

They would abstain from sex but also other physical pleasure like alcohol

40
Q

What is the vow of obedience?

A

Monks and nuns obey teachings of god through the bible, their abbot and rules of order

41
Q

What is the vow of stability?

A

They promise never to leave the monastic community and for some this means not leaving the monastery itself

My History (7 decks)

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