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My History > Medicine > Flashcards

Medicine Flashcards

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1
Q

Whose ideas were medieval medicine mostly based on?

A

Hippocrates and Galen

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2
Q

Name a Muslim physician whose work was important at this time

A

Avicenna

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3
Q

When was St Bartholomew‘ hospital in London founded?

A

1123

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4
Q

What were the four humours?

A

Blood, phlegm, black bile and yellow bile

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5
Q

What popular cure was believed to help balance your humours?

A

Bloodletting

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6
Q

What was a ‘simple’?

A

A herbal mix made from one ingredient

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7
Q

Who would help mix more complex medicines?

A

Apothecary

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8
Q

Which practitioner would usually carry out bloodletting or minor operations?

A

Barber surgeon

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9
Q

Who is often known as the father of English surgery and published the practice chirurgiae (the practice of surgery) in 1370?

A

Sir John Ardene

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10
Q

When did the Black Death attack Britain, killing one third of the population?

A

1348-1351

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11
Q

Disease was often blamed on supernatural causes, such as…?

A

Witches, god

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12
Q

What is the name for the theory blaming bad air for disease?

A

Miasma theory

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13
Q

When did the miasma theory last until?

A

1860s

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14
Q

What is the name for a put with a seat which was used as a toilet?

A

Latrine

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15
Q

Some towns tried to clean up to reduce bad smells. How?

A

Rules against dumping waste in the streets or rivers

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16
Q

How much of Britain’s populations was killed by the Black Death?

A

1/3

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17
Q

What is the name for someone who whipped themselves to try to prevent punishment by god?

A

Flagellent

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18
Q

Who was the best educated and wealthiest type of medical practitioner?

A

Physician

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19
Q

Which ideas look at star charts and planets to try and explain disease?

A

Astronomy

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20
Q

How did war help surgery develop?

A

Practice for army surgeons in treating wounds

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21
Q

Which physician proved that blood circulated around the body?

A

William Harvey

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22
Q

Which book did Harvey publish in 1628?

A

On the motion of the heart

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23
Q

What is the name for the time when art, literature and science all had a ‘rebirth’?

A

The renaissance

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24
Q

In which area of medicine did Vesalius challenge Galen’s ideas?

A

Anatomy

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25
Q

Name two inventions which helped develop and spread new medical ideas

A

Microscope and printing press

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26
Q

Which French army surgeon developed the use of ligatures?

A

Ambroise Paré

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27
Q

Which famous surgeon lived 1728-93 had a huge anatomy collection and taught Edward Jenner?

A

John Hunter

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28
Q

When was the royal college of surgeons founded?

A

1800

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29
Q

Which disease struck in 1665-6 in Britain killing an estimated 15% of the population?

A

Plague

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30
Q

Who invented vaccination against smallpox in 1797?

A

Edward Jenner

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31
Q

Who write ‘de humani corporis fabrica’ in 1543?

A

Andreas Vesalius

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32
Q

What is the name for someone who sells medical cures, many of which don’t work?

A

Quack

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33
Q

What is the name for burning a wound to seal it?

A

Cauterisation

34
Q

What ingredient from the new world found its way into many medicines?

A

Tobacco?

35
Q

When was the foundling hospital started, to look after abandoned children?

A

1741

36
Q

Which useful source list causes and numbers of deaths in London for each week?

A

Bill of mortality

37
Q

What did Edward Jenner invent?

A

Vaccination

38
Q

Which Derbyshire village quarantined itself when the plaque arrived? 80% of its inhabitants died.

A

Exam

39
Q

When was vaccination made compulsory?

A

1853

40
Q

What was the common name for scrofula because it was believed that the king could cure it by touch?

A

The king’s evil

41
Q

How much did the population increase by between 1801-1901?

A

Approximately 25 million - more than doubled

42
Q

What killer disease was found to be caused by dirty water?

A

Cholera

43
Q

Who discovered the germ theory in 1861?

A

Louis Pasteur

44
Q

How did Robert Koch develop the germ theory?

A

Stained bacteria to see them under a microscope.

45
Q

What did Paul Ehrlich invent?

A

Magic bullets

46
Q

In which war did Florence nightingale clean up hospitals?

A

Crimean

47
Q

Who set up the new hospital for women and children in 1872?

A

Elizabeth Garrett Anderson

48
Q

What did a James Simpson develop for use as an anaesthetic?

A

Chloroform

49
Q

Who first used carbolic acid as an antiseptic during surgery?

A

Joseph lister

50
Q

In what years were there public health acts in the nineteenth century

A

1848 and 1875

51
Q

What does aseptic mean?

A

Germ free or sterile

52
Q

Who famously used chloroform during childbirth in 1853?

A

Queen Victoria

53
Q

What were nitrous oxide, ether and chloroform used as?

A

Anaesthetics

54
Q

Which bacteria did Koch identify?

A

Anthrax, tuberculosis and cholera

55
Q

Who wrote ‘notes on hospitals’ in 1863?

A

Florence nightingale

56
Q

What did Joseph lister spray on equipment, wounds a dressings to kill germs?

A

Carbolic acid

57
Q

What theory did many still believe instead of the germ theory?

A

Miasma theory

58
Q

Who proved that dirty water was causing cholera in 1848?

A

John snow

59
Q

Whose report linked poor living conditions, disease and life expectancy in 1842?

A

Edwin Chadwick

60
Q

What is the name for the government attitude at the time? Literally ‘do nothing’

A

Laissez-Faire

61
Q

Who discovered penicillin?

A

Alexander Fleming

62
Q

Who developed penicillin for mass production?

A

Florey and chain

63
Q

When was the NHS set up?

A

1948

64
Q

Which drug was taken by pregnant women in the 1950s and caused malformed limbs in their babies?

A

Thalidomide

65
Q

What is the umbrella term for therapies such as aromatherapy, acupuncture and homeopathy?

A

Alternative medicine

66
Q

Roughly how many people worldwide died from Spanish flu in 1918?

A

20-40 million

67
Q

Who developed new methods for plastic surgery and skin grafts during WW1?

A

Harold Gillies

68
Q

When were the first ‘blood banks’ for blood transfusions set up?

A

1915

69
Q

What was the name of the first successfully cloned animal?

A

Dolly the sheep

70
Q

When were free school meals first introduced?

A

1906

71
Q

Which war highlighted the poor health of many ordinary people as they were unfit to be soldiers?

A

Boer war (189-1902)

72
Q

During which war was penicillin first used on soldiers?

A

World War Two

73
Q

What mental illness was first recognised during World War One?

A

Shell shock

74
Q

Who discovered x-rays in 1895?

A

William roentgen

75
Q

When did the first kidney transplant take place?

A

1952

76
Q

Who introduced many acts of parliament to improve social conditions between 1906-1914?

A

Liberal government

77
Q

When was the Beveridge report published?

A

1942

78
Q

Who was the minister for health responsible for introducing the NHS?

A

Nye Brown

79
Q

When was AIDs first identified?

A

1981

80
Q

What is the name for a drug that can kill bacteria, widely used to treat many illnesses?

A

Antibiotic

My History (7 decks)

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