Medicine

Question 1

Whose ideas were medieval medicine mostly based on?

Answer 1

Hippocrates and Galen

Question 2

Name a Muslim physician whose work was important at this time

Answer 2

Avicenna

Question 3

When was St Bartholomew‘ hospital in London founded?

Answer 3

1123

Question 4

What were the four humours?

Answer 4

Blood, phlegm, black bile and yellow bile

Question 5

What popular cure was believed to help balance your humours?

Answer 5

Bloodletting

Question 6

What was a ‘simple’?

Answer 6

A herbal mix made from one ingredient

Question 7

Who would help mix more complex medicines?

Answer 7

Apothecary

Question 8

Which practitioner would usually carry out bloodletting or minor operations?

Answer 8

Barber surgeon

Question 9

Who is often known as the father of English surgery and published the practice chirurgiae (the practice of surgery) in 1370?

Answer 9

Sir John Ardene

Question 10

When did the Black Death attack Britain, killing one third of the population?

Answer 10

1348-1351

Question 11

Disease was often blamed on supernatural causes, such as…?

Answer 11

Witches, god

Question 12

What is the name for the theory blaming bad air for disease?

Answer 12

Miasma theory

Question 13

When did the miasma theory last until?

Answer 13

1860s

Question 14

What is the name for a put with a seat which was used as a toilet?

Answer 14

Latrine

Question 15

Some towns tried to clean up to reduce bad smells. How?

Answer 15

Rules against dumping waste in the streets or rivers

Question 16

How much of Britain’s populations was killed by the Black Death?

Answer 16

1/3

Question 17

What is the name for someone who whipped themselves to try to prevent punishment by god?

Answer 17

Flagellent

Question 18

Who was the best educated and wealthiest type of medical practitioner?

Answer 18

Physician

Question 19

Which ideas look at star charts and planets to try and explain disease?

Answer 19

Astronomy

Question 20

How did war help surgery develop?

Answer 20

Practice for army surgeons in treating wounds

Question 21

Which physician proved that blood circulated around the body?

Answer 21

William Harvey

Question 22

Which book did Harvey publish in 1628?

Answer 22

On the motion of the heart

Question 23

What is the name for the time when art, literature and science all had a ‘rebirth’?

Answer 23

The renaissance

Question 24

In which area of medicine did Vesalius challenge Galen’s ideas?

Answer 24

Anatomy

Question 25

Name two inventions which helped develop and spread new medical ideas

Answer 25

Microscope and printing press

Question 26

Which French army surgeon developed the use of ligatures?

Answer 26

Ambroise Paré

Question 27

Which famous surgeon lived 1728-93 had a huge anatomy collection and taught Edward Jenner?

Answer 27

John Hunter

Question 28

When was the royal college of surgeons founded?

Answer 28

1800

Question 29

Which disease struck in 1665-6 in Britain killing an estimated 15% of the population?

Answer 29

Plague

Question 30

Who invented vaccination against smallpox in 1797?

Answer 30

Edward Jenner

Question 31

Who write ‘de humani corporis fabrica’ in 1543?

Answer 31

Andreas Vesalius

Question 32

What is the name for someone who sells medical cures, many of which don’t work?

Answer 32

Quack

Question 33

What is the name for burning a wound to seal it?

Answer 33

Cauterisation

Question 34

What ingredient from the new world found its way into many medicines?

Answer 34

Tobacco?

Question 35

When was the foundling hospital started, to look after abandoned children?

Answer 35

1741

Question 36

Which useful source list causes and numbers of deaths in London for each week?

Answer 36

Bill of mortality

Question 37

What did Edward Jenner invent?

Answer 37

Vaccination

Question 38

Which Derbyshire village quarantined itself when the plaque arrived? 80% of its inhabitants died.

Answer 38

Exam

Question 39

When was vaccination made compulsory?

Answer 39

1853

Question 40

What was the common name for scrofula because it was believed that the king could cure it by touch?

Answer 40

The king’s evil

Question 41

How much did the population increase by between 1801-1901?

Answer 41

Approximately 25 million - more than doubled

Question 42

What killer disease was found to be caused by dirty water?

Answer 42

Cholera

Question 43

Who discovered the germ theory in 1861?

Answer 43

Louis Pasteur

Question 44

How did Robert Koch develop the germ theory?

Answer 44

Stained bacteria to see them under a microscope.

Question 45

What did Paul Ehrlich invent?

Answer 45

Magic bullets

Question 46

In which war did Florence nightingale clean up hospitals?

Answer 46

Crimean

Question 47

Who set up the new hospital for women and children in 1872?

Answer 47

Elizabeth Garrett Anderson

Question 48

What did a James Simpson develop for use as an anaesthetic?

Answer 48

Chloroform

Question 49

Who first used carbolic acid as an antiseptic during surgery?

Answer 49

Joseph lister

Question 50

In what years were there public health acts in the nineteenth century

Answer 50

1848 and 1875

Question 51

What does aseptic mean?

Answer 51

Germ free or sterile

Question 52

Who famously used chloroform during childbirth in 1853?

Answer 52

Queen Victoria

Question 53

What were nitrous oxide, ether and chloroform used as?

Answer 53

Anaesthetics

Question 54

Which bacteria did Koch identify?

Answer 54

Anthrax, tuberculosis and cholera

Question 55

Who wrote ‘notes on hospitals’ in 1863?

Answer 55

Florence nightingale

Question 56

What did Joseph lister spray on equipment, wounds a dressings to kill germs?

Answer 56

Carbolic acid

Question 57

What theory did many still believe instead of the germ theory?

Answer 57

Miasma theory

Question 58

Who proved that dirty water was causing cholera in 1848?

Answer 58

John snow

Question 59

Whose report linked poor living conditions, disease and life expectancy in 1842?

Answer 59

Edwin Chadwick

Question 60

What is the name for the government attitude at the time? Literally ‘do nothing’

Answer 60

Laissez-Faire

Question 61

Who discovered penicillin?

Answer 61

Alexander Fleming

Question 62

Who developed penicillin for mass production?

Answer 62

Florey and chain

Question 63

When was the NHS set up?

Answer 63

1948

Question 64

Which drug was taken by pregnant women in the 1950s and caused malformed limbs in their babies?

Answer 64

Thalidomide

Question 65

What is the umbrella term for therapies such as aromatherapy, acupuncture and homeopathy?

Answer 65

Alternative medicine

Question 66

Roughly how many people worldwide died from Spanish flu in 1918?

Answer 66

20-40 million

Question 67

Who developed new methods for plastic surgery and skin grafts during WW1?

Answer 67

Harold Gillies

Question 68

When were the first ‘blood banks’ for blood transfusions set up?

Answer 68

1915

Question 69

What was the name of the first successfully cloned animal?

Answer 69

Dolly the sheep

Question 70

When were free school meals first introduced?

Answer 70

1906

Question 71

Which war highlighted the poor health of many ordinary people as they were unfit to be soldiers?

Answer 71

Boer war (189-1902)

Question 72

During which war was penicillin first used on soldiers?

Answer 72

World War Two

Question 73

What mental illness was first recognised during World War One?

Answer 73

Shell shock

Question 74

Who discovered x-rays in 1895?

Answer 74

William roentgen

Question 75

When did the first kidney transplant take place?

Answer 75

1952

Question 76

Who introduced many acts of parliament to improve social conditions between 1906-1914?

Answer 76

Liberal government

Question 77

When was the Beveridge report published?

Answer 77

1942

Question 78

Who was the minister for health responsible for introducing the NHS?

Answer 78

Nye Brown

Question 79

When was AIDs first identified?

Answer 79

1981

Question 80

What is the name for a drug that can kill bacteria, widely used to treat many illnesses?

Answer 80

Antibiotic