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Cold War Flashcards

1
Q

When did ww2 begin and end?

A

1939 / 1945

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2
Q

What were the USA and Russia fighting for?

A

Superpower status, communism and capitalism, weapons and space exploration

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3
Q

Name some ideologies of capitalism

A

Lots of political parties / freedom of speech, vote, media / privately own farms and businesses / gov. dont interfere

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4
Q

Name some ideologies of communism

A

One political party / government control on radio, media, newspapers / farms are owned by the government / individuals can’t keep any made profits

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5
Q

Give 4 reasons as to why the Cold War May have broken out

A

Different political ideas / 1917 Russian revolution / Russia isn’t in the treaty of Versailles / the USA sent soldiers to invade the USSR

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6
Q

What did the red army do during the Warsaw uprising?

A

Crushed Poland, killing 300,000 polish fighters and sent to german concentration camps

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7
Q

What was decided at the yalta conference?

A

Free elections to be held for democratic government / to free POWs / USSR gain lots of polish territory some Lublin gov. to include some London poles / discussion of the division of Germany / USSR gain control of territories in N.Japan / United Nations, countries sign the veto on all powerful decisions / Germany would pay reparations

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8
Q

When was the yalta conference?

A

February 1945

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9
Q

What was Churchill glad and sad about after yalta?

A

Glad: free elections / London poles in Lublin gov.
Sad: opening polish borders, USSR can gain lots of territory, Churchill wants to protect Poland

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10
Q

What were the consequences of yalta?

A

Stalin plays lip service so London poles aren’t in Lublin gov. = worsened trust = TENSION / also Stalin held no free elections = TENSION / Roosevelt dies of Polio and Truman doesn’t like Stalin = TENSION / Atlee overtakes Churchill, Stalin only big three member left = he is weary / another meeting as Yalta wasn’t officially set

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11
Q

When was Potsdam?

A

End of July 1945

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12
Q

What happened at Potsdam?

A

Drawed plans on post war Europe / USA announce atom bomb / division of Germany actually agreed / Berlin also divided to 4 zones

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13
Q

What were the consequences from Potsdam?

A

Lots of TENSION from atom bomb, USSR scared of being bombed, they kept it a secret / in bitterness Atlee and Truman had to accept a com. Poland

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14
Q

What did Churchill want from the meetings?

A

For Poland NOT to be under soviet control / doesn’t trust Stalin

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15
Q

What did Roosevelt want from meetings?

A

To introduce democracy across Europe / trusts Stalin so wants to stay on friendly terms after war

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16
Q

What did Stalin want from the meetings?

A

To keep territory taken from Poland in 1939 / security of his homeland / needs gov. of Poland to be friendly considering location of Europe

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17
Q

When was the Atom bomb dropped?

A

August 6th 1945

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18
Q

Where were the atom bombs dropped in Japan?

A

Hiroshima and then Nagasaki

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19
Q

Why may the USA have dropped the Atom bomb?

A

To force Japan to surrender to end ww2 / revenge over attack on pearl harbour / revenge for poor way the treated POWs / to prove superiority / to alarm USSR / to test their $2000million weapon /

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20
Q

What were the stats from the Atom bomb in Hiroshima?

A

78,000 died straight out / 140,000 died by the end of the year / 70,000 buildings were destroyed / no resources / pollution / no wildlife

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21
Q

What were the stats from the dropping on Nagasaki?

A

A further 80,000 had died by the end of 1945

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22
Q

What effects did the atom bomb dropping have on the Cold War?

A

People were horrified / scared of future conflict ‘nuclear pacifism movement / tense conflicts between US and USSR due to power of nuclear power / people saw armed conflict as unthinkable MAD

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23
Q

What effects did the atom bomb dropping have on the USA?

A

Created smugness which was a message to Russia that they’d begun the arms race

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24
Q

What effects did the atom bomb dropping have on the USSR

A

Stalin is angry at Truman for not telling them about the bomb / worried and intimidated as USA had the upper hand in military

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25
Name 7 events that worsened tension by the end of 1945
Yalta / Potsdam / treaty of Versailles / change in big 3 / Stalin lip service / atom bomb dropping / communism and capitalism
26
What was the iron curtain and when was it created and completed?
Stalin’s buffer zone to protect the USSR and created in 1946 and completed in 1948
27
What 5 countries were apart of Stalin’s buffer zone?
Poland, Romania and Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary
28
Why and how did Poland become apart of the iron curtain?
Germans attacked through in 1941 so important that Poland was under soviet control / was dominated by Lublin gov. / allies had given up trying to make it capitalist / elections were rigged and leader felt defeated and fled
29
Why and how did Romania and Bulgaria become apart of the iron curtain?
Red army swept and coalation gov. was dominated by com. In 1944 / 1945 soviet politician went against yalta and got Stalin to appoint a new PM / King tried to argue against but didn’t work / communists in coalation in firm contro and monarchy abolished /
30
What happened in September 1946 in Romania and Bulgaria?
Communist government abolished and the monarchy was restored
31
Why and how did Hungary become part of the buffer zone?
Stalin didn’t know what to do so held free elections / non-communist won but Stalin ignored and imposed strict communist government / 1947 elections rigged and com. won and non-com parties were banned
32
Why and how did Hungary become apart of the buffer zone?
Stalin wasn’t sure on plans and in 1945 led by coalation of non-com and com / 1946 fair elections were held and communist win with 38% / mid 1947 economic crisis, had harvest and low production / may 1948 new election com. scared bc of worsened conditions so seized own power with armed forces and arrested non-coms
33
State Stalin’s 4 reasons for using force
Soviet leaders felt they contributed the most (compensation) / 1941 Germany destroyed through Poland didn’t want to happen again (need to to secure itself) / Churchill said Russian tore heart out of german army (war victories) / Stalin wanted tos top America buying and selling across Europe (USSR need to stop cap spreading
34
What were the consequences of the iron curtain?
Churchill felt weary and he was unaware of what was happening = TENSION / stalin becomes more powerful due to iron curtain as communism is spreading
35
What was the Truman doctrine?
Truman’s set of ideas to support countries against communist influence = CONTAINMENT. By providing funds
36
What caused the Truman doctrine?
Outbreak of communism - threat of DOMINI THEORY
37
What happened during the Truman doctrine?
Truman was given $400million to help Greece and some was left to help turkey (if turkey wasn’t saved, Greece would be surrounded by communism
38
What were the consequences of the Truman doctrine?
1949 Communist threat to Greece was over and turkey could avoid turning communist / showed USA wouldn’t isolate itself / clear Truman is trying to stop communism /
39
When did the Truman doctrine start?
1947
40
What was the Marshall plan?
USA gave reparations to under communist threat countries in return for their investment in American goods and industries
41
How and when did the Marshall plan begin?
1948, George Marshall went to Europe and reported $17billion was needed to help them recover, made speech to Congress, was almost denied but Jan Masaryk (USA) was murdered by com. in Czech
42
What were the consequences of the Marshall plan?
Stalin made COMINFORM in self 1947 and COMECON in jan 1949
43
What was cominform?
An information sharing link between communist countries and parties
44
What was Comecon?
After failing to destroy the Marshall plan they made an economic bloc of countries in Eastern Europe
45
What was the effect of the Marshall plan on the US?
Made them stronger and increased Americana economy = stronger USA a and weaker Stalin = more money and better weapons = TENSION / USA is shown as a threat
46
Who is Tito?
A communist leader in Yugoslavia
47
What did Tito do?
Drive german forces out of Yugoslavia and didn’t follow Stalin’s orders = TENSION / Tito became public and stalin threw Yugoslavia out of cominform and gave the economic issues by forbidding other com. countries to trade with them / Tito goes to USA and Britain for help and signs a £30million trade deal and Yugoslavia are in the MP
48
What are the consequences of Tito’s actions?
Stalin is mad at Tito and doesn’t want others to follow him / TENSION because USA are getting stronger
49
What was the Berlin blockade?
Stalin introduced an eastern currency which was not as good so withdrawn / stalin cut off railroads and canal supplies to western zones and tried to starve E. To get western zones
50
Why did the Berlin blockaid occur?
USA and UK wanted Germany to recover but a Stalin didn’t / Bizonia then Trizonia were formed and Stalin felt betrayed / 23rd June Bizonia get the Deutschmark - strengthens economy - easterners try to change to Deutschmark / stalin wants all of Berlin to himself so on June 24th declared the blockade
51
What were the consequences of the Berlin blockade?
The Berlin airlift formed by the west / began by sending 60p tonnes on 26th June by 800 tones by spring 1949 / stalin cult of electricity and 2% moved
52
When did the Berlin blockade occur?
24th June 1948
53
Between what period was the arms race?
1945-1970
54
What caused the arms race?
Rivalry between 2 superpowers to develop weapons and ‘out grow’ each other / live in constant fear the other would ‘over take’ - determination to keep building weapons
55
What was NATO?
North Atlantic treaty organisation / where members agree to participate in war if one attacked
56
What caused NATO?
The Berlin blockade alarmed Bevin about fear of war that west Europe would be defeated by soviets so begin opens chats w America
57
What are the consequences of NATO?
Stalin sees as an act of war = TENSION - speeds up plans for his own deterrence against the west / permanent US troops in Europe / mutual arms protection — us up for going to war with anyone
58
When was NATO formed?
1949
59
What was the Warsaw Pact?
A revival group against NATO
60
When was the Warsaw Pact formed?
In 1955
61
What did the Warsaw Pact do?
USSR joined with countries such as Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania and Albania. They cancelled wartime alliance with Britain, France and USA and took east Germany into Warsaw Pact
62
What were the consequences of the Warsaw Pact?
Europe and Germany are divided by communism and capitalism / China is in Warsaw and they have bombs / develop more weapons through fear
63
What caused Khrushchev’s thaw?
He wanted to warm relations between the east and the west and wanted world peace / said “peaceful co-existence or the MST destructive war”
64
What happened during Khrushchev’s thaw?
He invites Britain and USA in 1955 and closes cominform and releases POWs & invites Tito to Moscow / plans to reduce arms expendure / doesn’t desalinise Hungary as he wants a buffer zone
65
What facts may prove that Khrushchev didn’t really try to thaw relations
He set up Warsaw and stopped wartime alliance with Britain and France / enters space race in 1957 / carries nuclear arms race in 1960 and builds wall through Berlin in 1961
66
What were the consequences of Khrushchev’s thaw?
TENSION caused by space race and nuclear arms / by not de-stalinising Hungary - creates tension because he keeps his buffer zone
67
When was the Hungarian revolution?
1956
68
What caused the Hungarian revolution?
Lack of cultural freedom (catholic leader imprisoned for not believing in stalin) / everything controlled / no freedom of expression / no Catholic Church / ruled by fear (AVO secret police to rid of political opponents) / presence of soviet troops everywhere (red army stationed with thousands of troops in cities
69
What were the consequences of the Hungarian revolution?
Hungary got demolished by Russia / thousands of tanks crushed people and buildings / bad impact of Hungary / com. reestablished / NATO got a bad reputation / threat on Hungary pulling out the Warsaw Pact — would weaken com. attack, showed com. power, felt threaten by this 4000 killed 200,000 fled to wes
70
When was the U2 crisis?
May 1960
71
What caused the U2 crisis?
Gary powers was flying over the Ural Mountains in a U2 plan to spy
72
What happened during the U2 crisis?
Gary was sent to collect military intelligence for US but found by Khrushchev and interrogated / he owns up to spying by America deny this / Khrushchev exposes America on live tv and America refuse to give an apology and try to cover up by saying it was a missing weather plane — known lies as Powers confessed / K. announced proof on May 7th and demand apology but US refuse and claim the must protect themselves
73
What are the consequences of the U2 crisis?
Increased TENSION as USA lie to USSR, spying shows lack of trust and against peaceful co-existence / Paris summit meeting cancelled which means the Berlin issue isn’t solved. US and Eisenhower’s reputation is shattered
74
When and why did Khrushchev put up the Berlin Wall?
August 1961 / to divide east and West Berlin
75
What caused the Berlin Wall?
To stop the west spying on the east / stop migration / keep strong eastern workers / Eisenhower said he would make Germany free if soviets gave up their sectors / to consolidate control / to show strength and anger/
76
What were the consequences of the Berlin Wall?
Khrushchev looks aggressive and reactionary = TENSION — portrayed like Stalin = US properganda - advantage / eastern gov. had more control / Kennedy was criticised for not reacting / 136 deaths

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