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Cold War Flashcards

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1
Q

When did ww2 begin and end?

A

1939 / 1945

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2
Q

What were the USA and Russia fighting for?

A

Superpower status, communism and capitalism, weapons and space exploration

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3
Q

Name some ideologies of capitalism

A

Lots of political parties / freedom of speech, vote, media / privately own farms and businesses / gov. dont interfere

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4
Q

Name some ideologies of communism

A

One political party / government control on radio, media, newspapers / farms are owned by the government / individuals can’t keep any made profits

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5
Q

Give 4 reasons as to why the Cold War May have broken out

A

Different political ideas / 1917 Russian revolution / Russia isn’t in the treaty of Versailles / the USA sent soldiers to invade the USSR

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6
Q

What did the red army do during the Warsaw uprising?

A

Crushed Poland, killing 300,000 polish fighters and sent to german concentration camps

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7
Q

What was decided at the yalta conference?

A

Free elections to be held for democratic government / to free POWs / USSR gain lots of polish territory some Lublin gov. to include some London poles / discussion of the division of Germany / USSR gain control of territories in N.Japan / United Nations, countries sign the veto on all powerful decisions / Germany would pay reparations

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8
Q

When was the yalta conference?

A

February 1945

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9
Q

What was Churchill glad and sad about after yalta?

A

Glad: free elections / London poles in Lublin gov.
Sad: opening polish borders, USSR can gain lots of territory, Churchill wants to protect Poland

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10
Q

What were the consequences of yalta?

A

Stalin plays lip service so London poles aren’t in Lublin gov. = worsened trust = TENSION / also Stalin held no free elections = TENSION / Roosevelt dies of Polio and Truman doesn’t like Stalin = TENSION / Atlee overtakes Churchill, Stalin only big three member left = he is weary / another meeting as Yalta wasn’t officially set

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11
Q

When was Potsdam?

A

End of July 1945

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12
Q

What happened at Potsdam?

A

Drawed plans on post war Europe / USA announce atom bomb / division of Germany actually agreed / Berlin also divided to 4 zones

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13
Q

What were the consequences from Potsdam?

A

Lots of TENSION from atom bomb, USSR scared of being bombed, they kept it a secret / in bitterness Atlee and Truman had to accept a com. Poland

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14
Q

What did Churchill want from the meetings?

A

For Poland NOT to be under soviet control / doesn’t trust Stalin

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15
Q

What did Roosevelt want from meetings?

A

To introduce democracy across Europe / trusts Stalin so wants to stay on friendly terms after war

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16
Q

What did Stalin want from the meetings?

A

To keep territory taken from Poland in 1939 / security of his homeland / needs gov. of Poland to be friendly considering location of Europe

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17
Q

When was the Atom bomb dropped?

A

August 6th 1945

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18
Q

Where were the atom bombs dropped in Japan?

A

Hiroshima and then Nagasaki

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19
Q

Why may the USA have dropped the Atom bomb?

A

To force Japan to surrender to end ww2 / revenge over attack on pearl harbour / revenge for poor way the treated POWs / to prove superiority / to alarm USSR / to test their $2000million weapon /

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20
Q

What were the stats from the Atom bomb in Hiroshima?

A

78,000 died straight out / 140,000 died by the end of the year / 70,000 buildings were destroyed / no resources / pollution / no wildlife

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21
Q

What were the stats from the dropping on Nagasaki?

A

A further 80,000 had died by the end of 1945

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22
Q

What effects did the atom bomb dropping have on the Cold War?

A

People were horrified / scared of future conflict ‘nuclear pacifism movement / tense conflicts between US and USSR due to power of nuclear power / people saw armed conflict as unthinkable MAD

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23
Q

What effects did the atom bomb dropping have on the USA?

A

Created smugness which was a message to Russia that they’d begun the arms race

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24
Q

What effects did the atom bomb dropping have on the USSR

A

Stalin is angry at Truman for not telling them about the bomb / worried and intimidated as USA had the upper hand in military

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25
Q

Name 7 events that worsened tension by the end of 1945

A

Yalta / Potsdam / treaty of Versailles / change in big 3 / Stalin lip service / atom bomb dropping / communism and capitalism

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26
Q

What was the iron curtain and when was it created and completed?

A

Stalin’s buffer zone to protect the USSR and created in 1946 and completed in 1948

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27
Q

What 5 countries were apart of Stalin’s buffer zone?

A

Poland, Romania and Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary

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28
Q

Why and how did Poland become apart of the iron curtain?

A

Germans attacked through in 1941 so important that Poland was under soviet control / was dominated by Lublin gov. / allies had given up trying to make it capitalist / elections were rigged and leader felt defeated and fled

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29
Q

Why and how did Romania and Bulgaria become apart of the iron curtain?

A

Red army swept and coalation gov. was dominated by com. In 1944 / 1945 soviet politician went against yalta and got Stalin to appoint a new PM / King tried to argue against but didn’t work / communists in coalation in firm contro and monarchy abolished /

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30
Q

What happened in September 1946 in Romania and Bulgaria?

A

Communist government abolished and the monarchy was restored

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31
Q

Why and how did Hungary become part of the buffer zone?

A

Stalin didn’t know what to do so held free elections / non-communist won but Stalin ignored and imposed strict communist government / 1947 elections rigged and com. won and non-com parties were banned

32
Q

Why and how did Hungary become apart of the buffer zone?

A

Stalin wasn’t sure on plans and in 1945 led by coalation of non-com and com / 1946 fair elections were held and communist win with 38% / mid 1947 economic crisis, had harvest and low production / may 1948 new election com. scared bc of worsened conditions so seized own power with armed forces and arrested non-coms

33
Q

State Stalin’s 4 reasons for using force

A

Soviet leaders felt they contributed the most (compensation) / 1941 Germany destroyed through Poland didn’t want to happen again (need to to secure itself) / Churchill said Russian tore heart out of german army (war victories) / Stalin wanted tos top America buying and selling across Europe (USSR need to stop cap spreading

34
Q

What were the consequences of the iron curtain?

A

Churchill felt weary and he was unaware of what was happening = TENSION / stalin becomes more powerful due to iron curtain as communism is spreading

35
Q

What was the Truman doctrine?

A

Truman’s set of ideas to support countries against communist influence = CONTAINMENT. By providing funds

36
Q

What caused the Truman doctrine?

A

Outbreak of communism - threat of DOMINI THEORY

37
Q

What happened during the Truman doctrine?

A

Truman was given $400million to help Greece and some was left to help turkey (if turkey wasn’t saved, Greece would be surrounded by communism

38
Q

What were the consequences of the Truman doctrine?

A

1949 Communist threat to Greece was over and turkey could avoid turning communist / showed USA wouldn’t isolate itself / clear Truman is trying to stop communism /

39
Q

When did the Truman doctrine start?

A

1947

40
Q

What was the Marshall plan?

A

USA gave reparations to under communist threat countries in return for their investment in American goods and industries

41
Q

How and when did the Marshall plan begin?

A

1948, George Marshall went to Europe and reported $17billion was needed to help them recover, made speech to Congress, was almost denied but Jan Masaryk (USA) was murdered by com. in Czech

42
Q

What were the consequences of the Marshall plan?

A

Stalin made COMINFORM in self 1947 and COMECON in jan 1949

43
Q

What was cominform?

A

An information sharing link between communist countries and parties

44
Q

What was Comecon?

A

After failing to destroy the Marshall plan they made an economic bloc of countries in Eastern Europe

45
Q

What was the effect of the Marshall plan on the US?

A

Made them stronger and increased Americana economy = stronger USA a and weaker Stalin = more money and better weapons = TENSION / USA is shown as a threat

46
Q

Who is Tito?

A

A communist leader in Yugoslavia

47
Q

What did Tito do?

A

Drive german forces out of Yugoslavia and didn’t follow Stalin’s orders = TENSION / Tito became public and stalin threw Yugoslavia out of cominform and gave the economic issues by forbidding other com. countries to trade with them / Tito goes to USA and Britain for help and signs a £30million trade deal and Yugoslavia are in the MP

48
Q

What are the consequences of Tito’s actions?

A

Stalin is mad at Tito and doesn’t want others to follow him / TENSION because USA are getting stronger

49
Q

What was the Berlin blockade?

A

Stalin introduced an eastern currency which was not as good so withdrawn / stalin cut off railroads and canal supplies to western zones and tried to starve E. To get western zones

50
Q

Why did the Berlin blockaid occur?

A

USA and UK wanted Germany to recover but a Stalin didn’t / Bizonia then Trizonia were formed and Stalin felt betrayed / 23rd June Bizonia get the Deutschmark - strengthens economy - easterners try to change to Deutschmark / stalin wants all of Berlin to himself so on June 24th declared the blockade

51
Q

What were the consequences of the Berlin blockade?

A

The Berlin airlift formed by the west / began by sending 60p tonnes on 26th June by 800 tones by spring 1949 / stalin cult of electricity and 2% moved

52
Q

When did the Berlin blockade occur?

A

24th June 1948

53
Q

Between what period was the arms race?

A

1945-1970

54
Q

What caused the arms race?

A

Rivalry between 2 superpowers to develop weapons and ‘out grow’ each other / live in constant fear the other would ‘over take’ - determination to keep building weapons

55
Q

What was NATO?

A

North Atlantic treaty organisation / where members agree to participate in war if one attacked

56
Q

What caused NATO?

A

The Berlin blockade alarmed Bevin about fear of war that west Europe would be defeated by soviets so begin opens chats w America

57
Q

What are the consequences of NATO?

A

Stalin sees as an act of war = TENSION - speeds up plans for his own deterrence against the west / permanent US troops in Europe / mutual arms protection — us up for going to war with anyone

58
Q

When was NATO formed?

A

1949

59
Q

What was the Warsaw Pact?

A

A revival group against NATO

60
Q

When was the Warsaw Pact formed?

A

In 1955

61
Q

What did the Warsaw Pact do?

A

USSR joined with countries such as Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania and Albania. They cancelled wartime alliance with Britain, France and USA and took east Germany into Warsaw Pact

62
Q

What were the consequences of the Warsaw Pact?

A

Europe and Germany are divided by communism and capitalism / China is in Warsaw and they have bombs / develop more weapons through fear

63
Q

What caused Khrushchev’s thaw?

A

He wanted to warm relations between the east and the west and wanted world peace / said “peaceful co-existence or the MST destructive war”

64
Q

What happened during Khrushchev’s thaw?

A

He invites Britain and USA in 1955 and closes cominform and releases POWs & invites Tito to Moscow / plans to reduce arms expendure / doesn’t desalinise Hungary as he wants a buffer zone

65
Q

What facts may prove that Khrushchev didn’t really try to thaw relations

A

He set up Warsaw and stopped wartime alliance with Britain and France / enters space race in 1957 / carries nuclear arms race in 1960 and builds wall through Berlin in 1961

66
Q

What were the consequences of Khrushchev’s thaw?

A

TENSION caused by space race and nuclear arms / by not de-stalinising Hungary - creates tension because he keeps his buffer zone

67
Q

When was the Hungarian revolution?

A

1956

68
Q

What caused the Hungarian revolution?

A

Lack of cultural freedom (catholic leader imprisoned for not believing in stalin) / everything controlled / no freedom of expression / no Catholic Church / ruled by fear (AVO secret police to rid of political opponents) / presence of soviet troops everywhere (red army stationed with thousands of troops in cities

69
Q

What were the consequences of the Hungarian revolution?

A

Hungary got demolished by Russia / thousands of tanks crushed people and buildings / bad impact of Hungary / com. reestablished / NATO got a bad reputation / threat on Hungary pulling out the Warsaw Pact — would weaken com. attack, showed com. power, felt threaten by this 4000 killed 200,000 fled to wes

70
Q

When was the U2 crisis?

A

May 1960

71
Q

What caused the U2 crisis?

A

Gary powers was flying over the Ural Mountains in a U2 plan to spy

72
Q

What happened during the U2 crisis?

A

Gary was sent to collect military intelligence for US but found by Khrushchev and interrogated / he owns up to spying by America deny this / Khrushchev exposes America on live tv and America refuse to give an apology and try to cover up by saying it was a missing weather plane — known lies as Powers confessed / K. announced proof on May 7th and demand apology but US refuse and claim the must protect themselves

73
Q

What are the consequences of the U2 crisis?

A

Increased TENSION as USA lie to USSR, spying shows lack of trust and against peaceful co-existence / Paris summit meeting cancelled which means the Berlin issue isn’t solved. US and Eisenhower’s reputation is shattered

74
Q

When and why did Khrushchev put up the Berlin Wall?

A

August 1961 / to divide east and West Berlin

75
Q

What caused the Berlin Wall?

A

To stop the west spying on the east / stop migration / keep strong eastern workers / Eisenhower said he would make Germany free if soviets gave up their sectors / to consolidate control / to show strength and anger/

76
Q

What were the consequences of the Berlin Wall?

A

Khrushchev looks aggressive and reactionary = TENSION — portrayed like Stalin = US properganda - advantage / eastern gov. had more control / Kennedy was criticised for not reacting / 136 deaths

My History (7 decks)

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