Norman Monarchism Flashcards
What was the role of the church before 1066? (5)
- money (peasants had to work on church land for free and God would punish them if they didn’t) - everyone had to pay a tax of 10% of produce during a year
- education (monks copied religious and medical texts by hand, church controlled what was published)
- politics (church members were part of the Witan)
- law (dealt with crimes on church land - more lenient than other courts)
- health (praying for the sick or demanding payment as a penance for God)
How much of a person’s produce went to the church?
a tax of 10% of their produce during a year
What were the problems faced by Archbishop Lanfranc?
- pluralism
- clerical marriage
- simony
- nepotism
What was pluralism?
when a priest controlled more than one church
What was clerical marriage?
when a priest got married
What was simony?
positions in a church were payed
What was nepotism?
positions given to family
Name a good priest
Bishop Wulfstan of Worcester - respected leader
Name a bad priest and what he did
Archbishop of Canterbury Stigand - corrupt, concerned with accumulating money with multiple jobs and ignored the reforms suggested by the pope
What were synods?
ecclesiastical/church councils that spread the message of reform - bishops held a council twice a year to improve their control - also acted as courts is a priest committed a crime
What did Lanfranc and the normans change in their church reforms?
- bishops
- architecture
- organisation
- legal issues
- parish priests
How were bishops reformed by the Normans?
- anglo-taxon bishops and archbishops replaced by normans - only one anglo-saxon by 1080
- archbishop Stigand was replaced with Lanfranc
How were legal issues in church reformed by the Normans?
- in 1076 the Council of Winchester decided the clergy could only be tried by a church court
- in 1082 however, William insisted Bishop Odo was tried as the Earl of Kent so he would go to the King’s court
How were parish priests reformed by the Normans?
- priests were forbidden to be married but they ignored this even after reforms
- also poorly educated
- anglo-taxon priests mostly remained so most peasants didn’t see change in religious experience
How was church architecture reformed by the Normans?
- normans initially stole from many of the 49 monasteries and took church land
- churches and cathedrals rebuilt in Romanesque style (e.g. Durham and Gloucester) over 2000 new churches from 1070-1170
