Normal Values

Question 1

pH

Answer 1

Normal: 7.35-7.45
< acidosis
> alkalosis

Question 2

PaCO2

Answer 2

Normal: 4.7-6
< alkalosis
> acidosis

Question 3

HCO3 (bicarbonate)

Answer 3

Normal: 22-26
< acidosis
> alkalosis

Question 4

PaO2

Answer 4

Normal: 10-14 kPa
8 = respiratory failure

If on O2, patient should be receiving 10% less in good gas exchange (i.e. if they are on 50% o2, their ABG should read at 40 kPa of O2).

Question 5

Blood Pressure

Answer 5

Normal: 120/80

Hypertension: 145/90

Hypotension: 90/60

Question 6

HR

Answer 6

Healthy adult: 60-80bpm
<50bpm bradycardic
>100bpm trachycardic

Unwell: 100+ bpm

Work out maximum HR = 220 - age(/2 to have resting HR?)

Question 7

RR

Answer 7

Normal: 12-20 per minute

Unwell: 24+ per minute

Question 8

Temperature

Answer 8

Normal: 36.5-37.5

Question 9

PF Ratio

Answer 9

The ratio between PaO2 and FiO2 (partial pressure of oxygen in the blood and the amount of oxygen being given - move decimal place).

If the ratio is lower than 300, then there is concern for the patient to be mobilised. Around 280 is considered normal for a COPD patient.

Question 10

Base Excess

Answer 10

+/- 2

Question 11

O2 Sats

Answer 11

> 95%

Chronic patients - 88%-92%