Normal Swallowing Flashcards
how long is the oral phase
0.3 - 1 second
what is the pupose of the pharyngeal phase
Transport bolus through pharynx with nasal and laryngeal airways protected
what is a dipper swallow
At onset bolus is beneath anterior tongue and tongue tip scoops the bolus to supralingual position.
what nerve innervates the parotid gland
C9 - glossopharyngeal
what the 5 branches of the facial nerve
- Temporal
- Zygomatic
- Buccal
- Mandibular
- Cervical
name the 5 phases of normal swallowing
- anticipatory phase
- oral prepatory phase
- oral phase
- pharyngeal phase
- oesophageal phase
what is aspiration
when food, liquid, or other material enters a person’s airway and eventually the lungs by accident
what is needed for the oral preparatory phase
- Saliva, patent nasal airway, dentition, cognition
- Coordination of lip closure, buccal tone, jaw elevation/depression & rotary/lateral movement, tongue rotary & lateral movement, anterior bulging of soft palate
what nerve innervates the submandibular gland
C7 - facial nerve
what is the function of the glossopharyngeal nerve for swallowing
Elevation of larynx and pharynx via stylopharyngeus
Taste/sensation posterior ⅓ of tongue
Sensation of soft palate, upper pharynx and tonsils
Sensory portion of pharyngeal gag
Salivation (parotid gland)
how long is the pharyneal phase
0.5 - 1.5 seconds
what is the purpose of the oral preparatory phase
postioning of bolus and mastication of food
what is aspiration pneumonia
inflammation and infection of the lungs or large airways.
what is the purpose of the oral phase
Clear bolus from oral cavity and stimulate initiation of the pharyngeal swallow
what are the three branches of the trigeminal nerve
ophthalmic (sensory)
maxillary (sensory)
mandibular ( sensory and motor)
what is needed for the oral phase
coordinated tongue movement
velopharyngeal closure
what is a tipper swallow
Begins with the tongue tip pressed against the upper incisors and alveolar ridge
what is silent aspiration
when you accidentally inhale food, liquid or other material into your trachea (windpipe or airway) and you don’t know it.
describe the movement of the epiglottis
super hyoid muscles contract and pull larynx forward and upwards causes upper esophageal sphincter to widen and epiglottis to close
what is a fluroscopy
x ray to examine swallowing - can use to see liquid going down trachea- to diagnose silent aspiration
what is the anticipatory phase
- the food is checked (look, smell, temperature, consistency) for suitability
- Food is recognised and transferred to the mouth
- “Pre-oral sensorimotor cues” can increase saliva production and activates motor nuclei involved in digestion
what is swallow apnoea
respiration ceases during swallowing
what is the function of the facial nerve for swallowing
Taste
Salivation (submandibular and sublingual glands)
Mandibular depression
Hyoid elevation
what is the function of the trigeminal nerve for swallowing
– muscles of mastication and tensor veli palatini muscle
- Upward/anterior movement of larynx
- Backward movement of tongue to soft palate
- Palatal elevation (tenses soft palate)
- Posterior pharyngeal wall constriction
name the 5 nerves used in swallowing
C5 - Trigeminal
C7 - facial
C9 - Glossopharyngeal
C10 - Vagus
C12 - hypoglossal
what is needed for the pharynegal phase
Coordination of velopharyngeal closure; epiglottic tilting, hyolaryngeal excursion, laryngeal closure, pharyngeal peristalsis, relaxation an opening of the UOS, return to resting position
what is the function of the vagus nerve for swallowing
Sensory to palate, pharynx, larynx, trachea, lungs, epiglottis
Taste receptors in posterior oral cavity
Elevation/ depression of soft palate
Elevation of posterior tongue
Lowering larynx after swallow
what is the function of the hypoglossal nerve in swallowing
movement of tongue
draws hyoid bone up and foward
depresses mandible
what is the purpose of the oesophageal phase
transport bolus to stomach
how long does apnoea last
0.5 - 3.5 seconds
how is the airway protected during swallowing
- Epiglottal descent or inversion
- Laryngeal ascent
- Vertical approximation of the arytenoids to base of epiglottis.
- Adduction of the vocal cords associated with horizontal approximation of the arytenoids.
what is the function of saliva
- Protects teeth and gums and promotes oral hygiene
- Lubricates food and prepares bolus for swallowing
- Lubricates tongue and lips for speech
- Important for taste
- Destroys micro-organisms.
- Assists digestion of carbohydrates
- Regulates acidity in oesophagus
what is needed for the oesophageal phase
active peristalsis
which type of swallow is more common
tipper
