Normal Swallowing

Question 1

how long is the oral phase

Answer 1

0.3 - 1 second

Question 2

what is the pupose of the pharyngeal phase

Answer 2

Transport bolus through pharynx with nasal and laryngeal airways protected

Question 3

what is a dipper swallow

Answer 3

At onset bolus is beneath anterior tongue and tongue tip scoops the bolus to supralingual position.

Question 4

what nerve innervates the parotid gland

Answer 4

C9 - glossopharyngeal

Question 5

what the 5 branches of the facial nerve

Answer 5

1. Temporal
2. Zygomatic
3. Buccal
4. Mandibular
5. Cervical

Question 6

name the 5 phases of normal swallowing

Answer 6

1. anticipatory phase
2. oral prepatory phase
3. oral phase
4. pharyngeal phase
5. oesophageal phase

Question 7

what is aspiration

Answer 7

when food, liquid, or other material enters a person’s airway and eventually the lungs by accident

Question 8

what is needed for the oral preparatory phase

Answer 8

• Saliva, patent nasal airway, dentition, cognition
• Coordination of lip closure, buccal tone, jaw elevation/depression & rotary/lateral movement, tongue rotary & lateral movement, anterior bulging of soft palate

Question 9

what nerve innervates the submandibular gland

Answer 9

C7 - facial nerve

Question 10

what is the function of the glossopharyngeal nerve for swallowing

Answer 10

Elevation of larynx and pharynx via stylopharyngeus
Taste/sensation posterior ⅓ of tongue
Sensation of soft palate, upper pharynx and tonsils
Sensory portion of pharyngeal gag
Salivation (parotid gland)

Question 11

how long is the pharyneal phase

Answer 11

0.5 - 1.5 seconds

Question 12

what is the purpose of the oral preparatory phase

Answer 12

postioning of bolus and mastication of food

Question 13

what is aspiration pneumonia

Answer 13

inflammation and infection of the lungs or large airways.

Question 14

what is the purpose of the oral phase

Answer 14

Clear bolus from oral cavity and stimulate initiation of the pharyngeal swallow

Question 15

what are the three branches of the trigeminal nerve

Answer 15

ophthalmic (sensory)
maxillary (sensory)
mandibular ( sensory and motor)

Question 16

what is needed for the oral phase

Answer 16

coordinated tongue movement
velopharyngeal closure

Question 17

what is a tipper swallow

Answer 17

Begins with the tongue tip pressed against the upper incisors and alveolar ridge

Question 18

what is silent aspiration

Answer 18

when you accidentally inhale food, liquid or other material into your trachea (windpipe or airway) and you don’t know it.

Question 19

describe the movement of the epiglottis

Answer 19

super hyoid muscles contract and pull larynx forward and upwards causes upper esophageal sphincter to widen and epiglottis to close

Question 20

what is a fluroscopy

Answer 20

x ray to examine swallowing - can use to see liquid going down trachea- to diagnose silent aspiration

Question 21

what is the anticipatory phase

Answer 21

• the food is checked (look, smell, temperature, consistency) for suitability
• Food is recognised and transferred to the mouth
• “Pre-oral sensorimotor cues” can increase saliva production and activates motor nuclei involved in digestion

Question 22

what is swallow apnoea

Answer 22

respiration ceases during swallowing

Question 23

what is the function of the facial nerve for swallowing

Answer 23

Taste
Salivation (submandibular and sublingual glands)
Mandibular depression
Hyoid elevation

Question 24

what is the function of the trigeminal nerve for swallowing

Answer 24

– muscles of mastication and tensor veli palatini muscle
- Upward/anterior movement of larynx
- Backward movement of tongue to soft palate
- Palatal elevation (tenses soft palate)
- Posterior pharyngeal wall constriction

Question 25

name the 5 nerves used in swallowing

Answer 25

C5 - Trigeminal
C7 - facial
C9 - Glossopharyngeal
C10 - Vagus
C12 - hypoglossal

Question 26

what is needed for the pharynegal phase

Answer 26

Coordination of velopharyngeal closure; epiglottic tilting, hyolaryngeal excursion, laryngeal closure, pharyngeal peristalsis, relaxation an opening of the UOS, return to resting position

Question 27

what is the function of the vagus nerve for swallowing

Answer 27

Sensory to palate, pharynx, larynx, trachea, lungs, epiglottis
Taste receptors in posterior oral cavity
Elevation/ depression of soft palate
Elevation of posterior tongue
Lowering larynx after swallow

Question 28

what is the function of the hypoglossal nerve in swallowing

Answer 28

movement of tongue
draws hyoid bone up and foward
depresses mandible

Question 29

what is the purpose of the oesophageal phase

Answer 29

transport bolus to stomach

Question 30

how long does apnoea last

Answer 30

0.5 - 3.5 seconds

Question 31

how is the airway protected during swallowing

Answer 31

• Epiglottal descent or inversion
• Laryngeal ascent
• Vertical approximation of the arytenoids to base of epiglottis.
• Adduction of the vocal cords associated with horizontal approximation of the arytenoids.

Question 32

what is the function of saliva

Answer 32

1. Protects teeth and gums and promotes oral hygiene
2. Lubricates food and prepares bolus for swallowing
3. Lubricates tongue and lips for speech
4. Important for taste
5. Destroys micro-organisms.
6. Assists digestion of carbohydrates
7. Regulates acidity in oesophagus

Question 33

what is needed for the oesophageal phase

Answer 33

active peristalsis

Question 34

which type of swallow is more common

Answer 34

tipper