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speech, swallowing and hearing > audiology > Flashcards

audiology Flashcards

1
Q

what are the internal parts of a cochlear implant

A

receiver and electrodes

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2
Q

when does a baby begin to hear

A

20 weeks gestation

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3
Q

what is neuroplasticity

A

the ability of a baby’s brain to change with learning

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4
Q

how to fix conductive hearing loss

A

grommets
hearing aid or bone-anchored hearing aid

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5
Q

is sensori-neural hearing loss permanent

A

yes

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6
Q

what is an otoacoustic emission (OAE)

A

emissions assesses the integrity of the cochlea outer hair cells

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7
Q

what are the symptoms of glue ear

A

hearing loss in one or both ears
fluctuating hearing loss
speech and language delay

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8
Q

what is Auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD)

A

When the outer hair cells function within the cochlea is normal, but inner ear hair cells or the auditory nerve function is disrupted (dyssynchronous auditory nerve)
can be congenital or acquired

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9
Q

what are causes of acquired hearing loss

A

Infections - meningitis, viral infections
Middle ear problems - Otitis Media, perforations, Otosclerosis, Cholesteotoma
Trauma
Loud noise exposure
Ototoxicity
Tumors
Aging

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10
Q

what are causes of mixed hearing loss

A

Chronic middle ear problems
Cholesteotoma
Otosclerosis

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11
Q

what is synaptic pruning

A

ineffective, unused or weak connections are “pruned” or eliminated while stronger connections are kept and strengthened

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12
Q

what is an AOAE

A

automated otoacoustic emission - first hearing screen

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13
Q

what is mixed hearing loss

A

Occurs when there is a conductive and sensori-neural hearing loss
Both air and bone conduction are outside normal limits and there is an air-bone gap present

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14
Q

what type of hearing loss is auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder

A

ranges from mild to profound

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15
Q

what are causes of condutive hearing loss

A

Otitis Media (glue ear)
Otosclerosis
Atresia
Microtia
ear drum perforation
ear canal obstruction

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16
Q

how are impulses transmitted from the superior olivary complex to the inferior colliculus

A

through and around the lateral lemniscus

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17
Q

what degrees of hearing loss are speech problems present

A

moderate to profound

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18
Q

cochlear implants are used for what degree of hearing loss

A

severe to profound

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19
Q

how many infants are born with mild hearing loss

A

0.55/1000

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20
Q

bone anchored implants are used for what type of hearing loss

A

conductive hearing loss

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21
Q

what is conductive hearing loss

A

Related to disease or deformity of the outer or middle ear
gap of more than 15dB on audiogram

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22
Q

what test occurs if OAE fails

A

an automated auditory brainstem response (AABR) is carried out.

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23
Q

what is the role of the inferior colliculus

A

convergence of information

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24
Q

what is the 1-3-6 goals

A

Babies to be screened by 1 month of age
Diagnostic audiology assessments completed by 3 months of age
Initiation of appropriate medical and audiological services and Early Intervention services, by 6 months of age.

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25
Q

what decibels does someone with normal hearing need

A

for children 15dB; adults 20 dB.

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26
Q

what is the process of getting a cochlear implant

A

Audiological testing
Medical examination
Psychological testing
X-ray/MRI of the cochlea

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27
Q

describe hearing development for 4-6 months

A

turn in the direction of a sound source
distinguish between angry and friendly voices
likes rattles and toys that make sounds

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28
Q

what is intensity

A

the amount of energy of a vibration

29
Q

what decibels does someone with profound hearing loss need

A

> 90dB

30
Q

what are the steps diagnosing hearing loss

A

Step 1: rule out peripheral auditory involvement - comprehensive hearing tests (including acoustic reflexes)
Step 2: rule out attention, memory and IQ related disorders
Step 3: Rule out a language disorder
Step 4: diagnostic audiological battery

31
Q

what decibels does someone with moderate hearing loss need

A

40-55dB
soft conversational speech are nearly all inaudible

32
Q

describe hearing development of 18-24 months

A

understand simple sentences
echos last words addressed to them
uses 10-15 words by 2 yrs old

33
Q

describe hearing development of 6-12 months

A

turns immediately to mother’s voice across room
repeat selected sounds
responds to their name and sounds like “no” and “bye”

34
Q

what is a tympanometry

A

Assists in the detection of fluid in the middle ear, perforation of the eardrum or wax blocking the ear canal
The test measures the mobility of the eardrum

35
Q

describe path of axons between cochlea and brain

A
  1. cochlear nucleas
  2. superior olivary process
  3. superior colliculus
  4. medial geniculate body
36
Q

what is the hanen approach?

A

owling - observe, wait, listen

37
Q

Healthy young adults can hear between how many hertz

A

20-20000Hz

38
Q

what decibels does someone with minimal hearing loss need

A

16-25dB.

39
Q

what decibels does someone with moderate to severe hearing loss need

A

55-70dB
Most if not all of typical conversational speech would not be detected.

40
Q

describe hearing development of 24- 30

A

understand and answer yes/no questions and simple “wh” questions
listens to simple stories
can follow two-step directions

41
Q

what is APD

A

auditory processing disorder (APD) causes difficulties with processing of sounds and speech even when the person has normal hearing

42
Q

what is in the outer ear

A

pinna, auditory canal/meatus and eardrum

43
Q

what parts of the ear help with balance

A

semicircular canals, utricle, saccule

44
Q

what decibels does someone with severe hearing loss need

A

70-90dB

45
Q

what are causes of sensori-neural hearing loss

A

Enlarged vestibular aqueduct syndrome
cochlear otosclerosis
meningitis

46
Q

what is Auditory processing

A

the hearing that takes place beyond the ability to sense or detect the presence of a sound

47
Q

what are causes of congenital hearing loss

A

Maternal infections (TORCH)
Premature birth
Low birth weight
Birth injuries
Drug and alcohol use during pregnancy
Jaundice and Rh factors
Maternal diabetes
High blood pressure during pregnancy
Anoxia – lack of oxygen
syndromic hearing loss
genetic causes

48
Q

describe hearing developemnt of birth to 4 months

A

startle to loud sounds
quiet to familiar voices and sounds

49
Q

what types of hearing loss could pass the new born hearing screen

A

conductive
auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder
auditory processing disorder
progressive hearing loss

50
Q

what hearing assessments are done on infants

A

Otacoustic Emissions
Auditory Brainstem Response
Tympanometry
Behavioral Audiometry (6mo - 2yrs)
Play audiometry (2yrs - 5 yrs)
Visual Reinforcement Audiometry (3mo - 24 mon)

51
Q

what decibels does someone with mild hearing loss need

A

25-40 dB

52
Q

what is the role of the superior olivary process

A

sound localization
processes information about interaural delays and intensities.

53
Q

how many infants are born with moderate to profound hearing loss

A

1-3/1000

54
Q

what type of hearing assessments are done on newborns

A

Otoacoustic Emissions
Auditory Brainstem Response

55
Q

what are the external parts of a cochlear implant

A

a microphone, a speech processor and a transmitter

56
Q

where is the first place in the ascending pathway to receive information from both ears

A

superior olivary process

57
Q

what is an Idoppathic cause of hearing loss

A

A specific underlying cause which cannot be identified
70% of all healing loss

58
Q

what is a pure-tone audiometry

A

identifies hearing levels in each ear

59
Q

what is the most common hearing abnormality affecting newborns

A

sensori-neural hearing loss

60
Q

what are causes of unilateral hearing loss

A

Bacterial Meningitis
Mumps
Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder (ANSD)
Sudden Sensori-neural hearing loss (SSHL)
Congenital Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
trauma
atresia
glue ear

61
Q

who is best suited for cochlear implants

A
  • Bilateral severe to profound sensori-neural hearing loss
  • Limited benefit from hearing aids
  • Post-lingually deafened
  • Minimal time between hearing loss diagnosis and implantation
  • Are willing to be actively involved in their rehabilitation where possible
62
Q

describe hearing development of 12-18 months

A

begin to imitate spoken words
jabber in response to human voice
understand about 50 words

63
Q

what is Sensori-neural hearing loss

A

disease/ deformity in the inner ear/ cochlear nerve

64
Q

hearing aids are used for what degree of hearing loss

A

mild to moderate

65
Q

what is the round window

A

Vibrates in opposite phrase to vibrations entering the inner ear through oval window, allowing fluid in cochlea to move

66
Q

is conductive hearing loss permanent

A

no - unless microtia is present

67
Q

what is unilateral hearing loss

A

When you lose the ability to hear some or most sounds in one ear.

  • have difficulty localizing
    -Have difficulty hearing in the presence of background noise
  • Will present with a delay in speech and language skills
68
Q

describe hearing development of 30-36 months

A

use 200 words by 3 yrs old
understands nearly all sentence types
can communicate effectively with new individuals
can be understood by others

69
Q

how to fix sensori-neural hearing loss

A

hearing aids

speech, swallowing and hearing (8 decks)

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