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audiology Flashcards

1
Q

what are the internal parts of a cochlear implant

A

receiver and electrodes

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2
Q

when does a baby begin to hear

A

20 weeks gestation

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3
Q

what is neuroplasticity

A

the ability of a baby’s brain to change with learning

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4
Q

how to fix conductive hearing loss

A

grommets
hearing aid or bone-anchored hearing aid

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5
Q

is sensori-neural hearing loss permanent

A

yes

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6
Q

what is an otoacoustic emission (OAE)

A

emissions assesses the integrity of the cochlea outer hair cells

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7
Q

what are the symptoms of glue ear

A

hearing loss in one or both ears
fluctuating hearing loss
speech and language delay

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8
Q

what is Auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD)

A

When the outer hair cells function within the cochlea is normal, but inner ear hair cells or the auditory nerve function is disrupted (dyssynchronous auditory nerve)
can be congenital or acquired

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9
Q

what are causes of acquired hearing loss

A

Infections - meningitis, viral infections
Middle ear problems - Otitis Media, perforations, Otosclerosis, Cholesteotoma
Trauma
Loud noise exposure
Ototoxicity
Tumors
Aging

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10
Q

what are causes of mixed hearing loss

A

Chronic middle ear problems
Cholesteotoma
Otosclerosis

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11
Q

what is synaptic pruning

A

ineffective, unused or weak connections are “pruned” or eliminated while stronger connections are kept and strengthened

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12
Q

what is an AOAE

A

automated otoacoustic emission - first hearing screen

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13
Q

what is mixed hearing loss

A

Occurs when there is a conductive and sensori-neural hearing loss
Both air and bone conduction are outside normal limits and there is an air-bone gap present

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14
Q

what type of hearing loss is auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder

A

ranges from mild to profound

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15
Q

what are causes of condutive hearing loss

A

Otitis Media (glue ear)
Otosclerosis
Atresia
Microtia
ear drum perforation
ear canal obstruction

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16
Q

how are impulses transmitted from the superior olivary complex to the inferior colliculus

A

through and around the lateral lemniscus

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17
Q

what degrees of hearing loss are speech problems present

A

moderate to profound

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18
Q

cochlear implants are used for what degree of hearing loss

A

severe to profound

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19
Q

how many infants are born with mild hearing loss

A

0.55/1000

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20
Q

bone anchored implants are used for what type of hearing loss

A

conductive hearing loss

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21
Q

what is conductive hearing loss

A

Related to disease or deformity of the outer or middle ear
gap of more than 15dB on audiogram

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22
Q

what test occurs if OAE fails

A

an automated auditory brainstem response (AABR) is carried out.

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23
Q

what is the role of the inferior colliculus

A

convergence of information

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24
Q

what is the 1-3-6 goals

A

Babies to be screened by 1 month of age
Diagnostic audiology assessments completed by 3 months of age
Initiation of appropriate medical and audiological services and Early Intervention services, by 6 months of age.

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25
what decibels does someone with normal hearing need
for children 15dB; adults 20 dB.
26
what is the process of getting a cochlear implant
Audiological testing Medical examination Psychological testing X-ray/MRI of the cochlea
27
describe hearing development for 4-6 months
turn in the direction of a sound source distinguish between angry and friendly voices likes rattles and toys that make sounds
28
what is intensity
the amount of energy of a vibration
29
what decibels does someone with profound hearing loss need
>90dB
30
what are the steps diagnosing hearing loss
Step 1: rule out peripheral auditory involvement - comprehensive hearing tests (including acoustic reflexes) Step 2: rule out attention, memory and IQ related disorders Step 3: Rule out a language disorder Step 4: diagnostic audiological battery
31
what decibels does someone with moderate hearing loss need
40-55dB soft conversational speech are nearly all inaudible
32
describe hearing development of 18-24 months
understand simple sentences echos last words addressed to them uses 10-15 words by 2 yrs old
33
describe hearing development of 6-12 months
turns immediately to mother’s voice across room repeat selected sounds responds to their name and sounds like “no” and “bye”
34
what is a tympanometry
Assists in the detection of fluid in the middle ear, perforation of the eardrum or wax blocking the ear canal The test measures the mobility of the eardrum
35
describe path of axons between cochlea and brain
1. cochlear nucleas 2. superior olivary process 3. superior colliculus 4. medial geniculate body
36
what is the hanen approach?
owling - observe, wait, listen
37
Healthy young adults can hear between how many hertz
20-20000Hz
38
what decibels does someone with minimal hearing loss need
16-25dB.
39
what decibels does someone with moderate to severe hearing loss need
55-70dB Most if not all of typical conversational speech would not be detected.
40
describe hearing development of 24- 30
understand and answer yes/no questions and simple “wh” questions listens to simple stories can follow two-step directions
41
what is APD
auditory processing disorder (APD) causes difficulties with processing of sounds and speech even when the person has normal hearing
42
what is in the outer ear
pinna, auditory canal/meatus and eardrum
43
what parts of the ear help with balance
semicircular canals, utricle, saccule
44
what decibels does someone with severe hearing loss need
70-90dB
45
what are causes of sensori-neural hearing loss
Enlarged vestibular aqueduct syndrome cochlear otosclerosis meningitis
46
what is Auditory processing
the hearing that takes place beyond the ability to sense or detect the presence of a sound
47
what are causes of congenital hearing loss
Maternal infections (TORCH) Premature birth Low birth weight Birth injuries Drug and alcohol use during pregnancy Jaundice and Rh factors Maternal diabetes High blood pressure during pregnancy Anoxia – lack of oxygen syndromic hearing loss genetic causes
48
describe hearing developemnt of birth to 4 months
startle to loud sounds quiet to familiar voices and sounds
49
what types of hearing loss could pass the new born hearing screen
conductive auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder auditory processing disorder progressive hearing loss
50
what hearing assessments are done on infants
Otacoustic Emissions Auditory Brainstem Response Tympanometry Behavioral Audiometry (6mo - 2yrs) Play audiometry (2yrs - 5 yrs) Visual Reinforcement Audiometry (3mo - 24 mon)
51
what decibels does someone with mild hearing loss need
25-40 dB
52
what is the role of the superior olivary process
sound localization processes information about interaural delays and intensities.
53
how many infants are born with moderate to profound hearing loss
1-3/1000
54
what type of hearing assessments are done on newborns
Otoacoustic Emissions Auditory Brainstem Response
55
what are the external parts of a cochlear implant
a microphone, a speech processor and a transmitter
56
where is the first place in the ascending pathway to receive information from both ears
superior olivary process
57
what is an Idoppathic cause of hearing loss
A specific underlying cause which cannot be identified 70% of all healing loss
58
what is a pure-tone audiometry
identifies hearing levels in each ear
59
what is the most common hearing abnormality affecting newborns
sensori-neural hearing loss
60
what are causes of unilateral hearing loss
Bacterial Meningitis Mumps Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder (ANSD) Sudden Sensori-neural hearing loss (SSHL) Congenital Cytomegalovirus (CMV) trauma atresia glue ear
61
who is best suited for cochlear implants
- Bilateral severe to profound sensori-neural hearing loss - Limited benefit from hearing aids - Post-lingually deafened - Minimal time between hearing loss diagnosis and implantation - Are willing to be actively involved in their rehabilitation where possible
62
describe hearing development of 12-18 months
begin to imitate spoken words jabber in response to human voice understand about 50 words
63
what is Sensori-neural hearing loss
disease/ deformity in the inner ear/ cochlear nerve
64
hearing aids are used for what degree of hearing loss
mild to moderate
65
what is the round window
Vibrates in opposite phrase to vibrations entering the inner ear through oval window, allowing fluid in cochlea to move
66
is conductive hearing loss permanent
no - unless microtia is present
67
what is unilateral hearing loss
When you lose the ability to hear some or most sounds in one ear. - have difficulty localizing -Have difficulty hearing in the presence of background noise - Will present with a delay in speech and language skills
68
describe hearing development of 30-36 months
use 200 words by 3 yrs old understands nearly all sentence types can communicate effectively with new individuals can be understood by others
69
how to fix sensori-neural hearing loss
hearing aids

speech, swallowing and hearing (8 decks)

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