audiology Flashcards
what are the internal parts of a cochlear implant
receiver and electrodes
when does a baby begin to hear
20 weeks gestation
what is neuroplasticity
the ability of a baby’s brain to change with learning
how to fix conductive hearing loss
grommets
hearing aid or bone-anchored hearing aid
is sensori-neural hearing loss permanent
yes
what is an otoacoustic emission (OAE)
emissions assesses the integrity of the cochlea outer hair cells
what are the symptoms of glue ear
hearing loss in one or both ears
fluctuating hearing loss
speech and language delay
what is Auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD)
When the outer hair cells function within the cochlea is normal, but inner ear hair cells or the auditory nerve function is disrupted (dyssynchronous auditory nerve)
can be congenital or acquired
what are causes of acquired hearing loss
Infections - meningitis, viral infections
Middle ear problems - Otitis Media, perforations, Otosclerosis, Cholesteotoma
Trauma
Loud noise exposure
Ototoxicity
Tumors
Aging
what are causes of mixed hearing loss
Chronic middle ear problems
Cholesteotoma
Otosclerosis
what is synaptic pruning
ineffective, unused or weak connections are “pruned” or eliminated while stronger connections are kept and strengthened
what is an AOAE
automated otoacoustic emission - first hearing screen
what is mixed hearing loss
Occurs when there is a conductive and sensori-neural hearing loss
Both air and bone conduction are outside normal limits and there is an air-bone gap present
what type of hearing loss is auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder
ranges from mild to profound
what are causes of condutive hearing loss
Otitis Media (glue ear)
Otosclerosis
Atresia
Microtia
ear drum perforation
ear canal obstruction
how are impulses transmitted from the superior olivary complex to the inferior colliculus
through and around the lateral lemniscus
what degrees of hearing loss are speech problems present
moderate to profound
cochlear implants are used for what degree of hearing loss
severe to profound
how many infants are born with mild hearing loss
0.55/1000
bone anchored implants are used for what type of hearing loss
conductive hearing loss
what is conductive hearing loss
Related to disease or deformity of the outer or middle ear
gap of more than 15dB on audiogram
what test occurs if OAE fails
an automated auditory brainstem response (AABR) is carried out.
what is the role of the inferior colliculus
convergence of information
what is the 1-3-6 goals
Babies to be screened by 1 month of age
Diagnostic audiology assessments completed by 3 months of age
Initiation of appropriate medical and audiological services and Early Intervention services, by 6 months of age.
what decibels does someone with normal hearing need
for children 15dB; adults 20 dB.
what is the process of getting a cochlear implant
Audiological testing
Medical examination
Psychological testing
X-ray/MRI of the cochlea
describe hearing development for 4-6 months
turn in the direction of a sound source
distinguish between angry and friendly voices
likes rattles and toys that make sounds
what is intensity
the amount of energy of a vibration
what decibels does someone with profound hearing loss need
> 90dB
what are the steps diagnosing hearing loss
Step 1: rule out peripheral auditory involvement - comprehensive hearing tests (including acoustic reflexes)
Step 2: rule out attention, memory and IQ related disorders
Step 3: Rule out a language disorder
Step 4: diagnostic audiological battery
what decibels does someone with moderate hearing loss need
40-55dB
soft conversational speech are nearly all inaudible
describe hearing development of 18-24 months
understand simple sentences
echos last words addressed to them
uses 10-15 words by 2 yrs old
describe hearing development of 6-12 months
turns immediately to mother’s voice across room
repeat selected sounds
responds to their name and sounds like “no” and “bye”
what is a tympanometry
Assists in the detection of fluid in the middle ear, perforation of the eardrum or wax blocking the ear canal
The test measures the mobility of the eardrum
describe path of axons between cochlea and brain
- cochlear nucleas
- superior olivary process
- superior colliculus
- medial geniculate body
what is the hanen approach?
owling - observe, wait, listen
Healthy young adults can hear between how many hertz
20-20000Hz
what decibels does someone with minimal hearing loss need
16-25dB.
what decibels does someone with moderate to severe hearing loss need
55-70dB
Most if not all of typical conversational speech would not be detected.
describe hearing development of 24- 30
understand and answer yes/no questions and simple “wh” questions
listens to simple stories
can follow two-step directions
what is APD
auditory processing disorder (APD) causes difficulties with processing of sounds and speech even when the person has normal hearing
what is in the outer ear
pinna, auditory canal/meatus and eardrum
what parts of the ear help with balance
semicircular canals, utricle, saccule
what decibels does someone with severe hearing loss need
70-90dB
what are causes of sensori-neural hearing loss
Enlarged vestibular aqueduct syndrome
cochlear otosclerosis
meningitis
what is Auditory processing
the hearing that takes place beyond the ability to sense or detect the presence of a sound
what are causes of congenital hearing loss
Maternal infections (TORCH)
Premature birth
Low birth weight
Birth injuries
Drug and alcohol use during pregnancy
Jaundice and Rh factors
Maternal diabetes
High blood pressure during pregnancy
Anoxia – lack of oxygen
syndromic hearing loss
genetic causes
describe hearing developemnt of birth to 4 months
startle to loud sounds
quiet to familiar voices and sounds
what types of hearing loss could pass the new born hearing screen
conductive
auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder
auditory processing disorder
progressive hearing loss
what hearing assessments are done on infants
Otacoustic Emissions
Auditory Brainstem Response
Tympanometry
Behavioral Audiometry (6mo - 2yrs)
Play audiometry (2yrs - 5 yrs)
Visual Reinforcement Audiometry (3mo - 24 mon)
what decibels does someone with mild hearing loss need
25-40 dB
what is the role of the superior olivary process
sound localization
processes information about interaural delays and intensities.
how many infants are born with moderate to profound hearing loss
1-3/1000
what type of hearing assessments are done on newborns
Otoacoustic Emissions
Auditory Brainstem Response
what are the external parts of a cochlear implant
a microphone, a speech processor and a transmitter
where is the first place in the ascending pathway to receive information from both ears
superior olivary process
what is an Idoppathic cause of hearing loss
A specific underlying cause which cannot be identified
70% of all healing loss
what is a pure-tone audiometry
identifies hearing levels in each ear
what is the most common hearing abnormality affecting newborns
sensori-neural hearing loss
what are causes of unilateral hearing loss
Bacterial Meningitis
Mumps
Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder (ANSD)
Sudden Sensori-neural hearing loss (SSHL)
Congenital Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
trauma
atresia
glue ear
who is best suited for cochlear implants
- Bilateral severe to profound sensori-neural hearing loss
- Limited benefit from hearing aids
- Post-lingually deafened
- Minimal time between hearing loss diagnosis and implantation
- Are willing to be actively involved in their rehabilitation where possible
describe hearing development of 12-18 months
begin to imitate spoken words
jabber in response to human voice
understand about 50 words
what is Sensori-neural hearing loss
disease/ deformity in the inner ear/ cochlear nerve
hearing aids are used for what degree of hearing loss
mild to moderate
what is the round window
Vibrates in opposite phrase to vibrations entering the inner ear through oval window, allowing fluid in cochlea to move
is conductive hearing loss permanent
no - unless microtia is present
what is unilateral hearing loss
When you lose the ability to hear some or most sounds in one ear.
- have difficulty localizing
-Have difficulty hearing in the presence of background noise - Will present with a delay in speech and language skills
describe hearing development of 30-36 months
use 200 words by 3 yrs old
understands nearly all sentence types
can communicate effectively with new individuals
can be understood by others
how to fix sensori-neural hearing loss
hearing aids
