factors affecting normal swallowing

Question 1

what factors affect normal swallowing

Answer 1

1. Bolus consistency
2. Bolus volume
3. Cup/straw drinking
4. Taste
5. Temperature
6. Carbonation
7. Posture/Positioning

Question 2

what happens as a bolus thickness increases

Answer 2

1. Oropharyngeal transit time increases,
2. Increased stage transition duration
3. Increased oral pressure
4. Tongue base to posterior pharyngeal wall duration increases
5. Increased duration of velar excursion
6. Duration and extent of hyoid movement increases
7. Increased laryngeal elevation
8. Later onset of swallowing apnoea
9. UES opening and diameter increases

Question 3

what happens as bolus size increases

Answer 3

1. Central tongue groove deepens
2. Decreased oral transit time
3. Decreased stage transition duration
4. Earlier onset of anterior tongue base movement
5. Shorter tongue base to posterior pharyngeal wall
   contact
6. Earlier onset of palatal and laryngeal elevation
7. Earlier airway closure
8. Airway closure duration increases
9. Increased duration and extent of UES opening

Question 4

what occurs with sequential swallowing

Answer 4

1. Decreased oral transit time
2. Increased stage transition duration,
3. Decreased duration of UES opening

Question 5

how does sraw drinking affect swallowing

Answer 5

1. Influences the onset time of the
   swallowing events and the speed of swallowing.
2. reduces oral spillage
3. Straw delivery yielded longer bolus dwell times

Question 6

how does taste affect swallowing

Answer 6

1. increased tongue pressure
2. earlier onset and greater submental muscle contraction
3. increased pharyngeal pressure

Question 7

how does carbonation affect swallowing

Answer 7

1. increases sensory input - enhancing motor swallow response
2. speeds up pharyngeal swallow response
3. increases pharyngeal pressure and increases UES opening

Question 8

how does temperature affect swallowing

Answer 8

Cold bolus can speed up the pharyngeal swallow response, increase pharyngeal pressure and improve UES opening

Question 9

how does verbal cueing affect swallowing

Answer 9

1. The bolus is positioned more posterior in the oral cavity
2. Longer pharyngeal transit, more frequent initiation of swallowing with bolus deeper in pharynx, less frequent UES opening than for noncued swallows.

Question 10

how does posture affect swallowing

Answer 10

1. Chin tuck position widens the vallecular space and narrows the airway entrance to prevent aspiration.
2. decreases pharyngeal contraction
3. Significantly reduced velopharyngeal pressure at 45° and 90° compared to upright.