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Repro Clinical Week 2 > Normal Pregnancy > Flashcards

Normal Pregnancy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the overall idea behind preconception care and what are two examples he gave?

A

Get mom as healthy as possible before getting pregnant.

EX. Starting folic acid a month before and make sure diabetes in under control before getting pregnant.

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2
Q

How do we define gravidity and parity and how can we break down parity?

A

Gravidity refers to the number of times a woman has been pregnant
Parity is the number of pregnancies that led to a birth at or beyond 20 weeks or a baby weighing more than 500 grams.
Break down parity to FPAL, how many were full term, pre term, abortions, and living currently.

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3
Q

What is considered a positive and negative hCG test and what should the hCG level be at time of expected next menses?

A

Above 25
Less than 5
100

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4
Q

At what weeks do we see gestational sac, fetal pole and here cardiac activity with TVUS?

A

5 weeks
6 weeks
7 weeks

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5
Q

What is naegel’s rule?

A

Estimating due date

From the start of last menstrual cycle, add 9 months and 7 days

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6
Q

Who do we send to genetic counseling?

A

Mom is 35 years and older
Any history of mental retardation
Any history of losing babies
Really any abnormality

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7
Q

4 most common presenting chromosomal disorders in live births?

A

Tuners, Klinefelter, balanced robertsonian translocations, autosomal trisomies/Down syndrome

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8
Q

Women 35 and older are at risk for which 3 trisomies and which one is most common?

A

13,18,21 (most common)

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9
Q

When should chromosomal studies be done for couples, most common class of spontaneous abortions, and most common single chromosome abnormality found in spontaneous abortions?

A

When a couple has had 3 or more SABs
Trisomy (16 most common)
45 XO

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10
Q

What are the two tests that can be done to determine the chromosomal abnormality?

A

Amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling

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11
Q

What is the most common autosomal recessive gene in North America Whites that leads to an inherited disorder?

A

CF

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12
Q

What is the most common form of inherited mental retardation?

A

Fragile x syndrome

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13
Q

What are the 4 first trimester screening tests we can do for Down syndrome?

A

Maternal age
Fetal nuchal translucency thickness test
Maternal beta hCG
Pregnancy associated plasma protein A

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14
Q

What is indicative of chromosomal or congenital anomalies on the nuchal test?

A

Increased thickness

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15
Q

What about the two serum markers, what can they show us?

A

Elevated bHCG and low PAPPA can be indicative of trisomy 21

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16
Q

What is the most specific combo of results that indicates Down syndrome?

A

Elevated bHCG, low PAPPA, nuchal thickness and absent of nasal bone.

17
Q

What are the two second trimester screenings and what are they trying to detect?

A

Triple screen: bHCG, estriol and maternal AFP trisomy 21

Quad screen: bHCG, estriol, maternal AFP and Inhibin A trisomy 21

18
Q

What is noninvasive prenatal testing cell free fetal DNA and how elective is it?

A

Acquire dead fetal cells in moms circulation and the detection rate is very high for chromosomal abnormalities

19
Q

Who gets cell free fetal DNA?

A

High risk patients like advanced maternal age, history of abnormal chromosomes, and US showing abnormalities suggestive of chromosomal abnormalities

20
Q

What is FDA risk factor category A for pregnancy and breast feeding?

A

Controlled human studies show no evidence of risk in pregnancy

21
Q

What is FDA B risk factor category for pregnancy and breast feeding?

A

Animal studies show no risk but there are no human studies

Animal studies show risk but human studies show no risk

22
Q

What is c risk category for pregnancy and breast feeding?

A

No adequate studies

23
Q

What is D risk category?

A

Good studies have in pregnant women have shown a risk.

But the benefit may outweigh the risk in emergency situations

24
Q

Risk x category for pregnancy and breast feeding?

A

Contraindicated. Too much risk.

25
Q

What info is Pregnancy 8.1 subsection required to post?

A

Risk and clinical considerations

26
Q

Lactation 8.2 subsection?

A

Info about drugs while breastfeeding, amount of drug and potential effects to baby

27
Q

What is the Reproductive 8.3 subsection required to say? 3 things.

A

How the drug will affect fertility, contraception recommendations while on the drug and need for pregnancy testing if applicable.

28
Q

What is the most vulnerable time to teratogens and why?

A

Day 17 to 56

Organs are growing and developing

Repro Clinical Week 2 (17 decks)

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